Beowulf Is The Longest Epic Poem - 1239 Words

Beowulf is the longest epic poem written in old english ever published. The composition centres around the exploits of Beowulf, a heroic warrior known for his strength and bravery. Themes of heroism are prevalent in the famous piece of literature in relation to its noble protagonist. The poem follows an adventurous plot containing conflict between both good and evil forces. Beowulf is often engaged in selfless conquests in the pursuit of saving others from evil forces, resulting in his emergence as the hero of this composition. The text is broken up into two main sections, Beowulf as a young warrior, and Beowulf as a seasoned ruler, while focusing on the main theme of Heroism as both a virtue and a downfall throughout the duration of the manuscript. The poem opens with Beowulf illustrating the importance of courage, the ultimate form of greatness to the Danes. â€Å"So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness. We have heard of those princes heroic campaigns.’†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Beowulf (lines 1-3) In warrior culture heroism and bravery are celebrated above all else. All great kings of the past were known for their heroism. In his youth before ever becoming king, Beowulf is renowned as a great warrior for his immense strength and courage in battle, including his famed swimming match with Breca in which he defeated eight sea monsters while alone and submerged in the sea. Beowulf while known for his mastery in battle, also fulfills his socialShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Is The Longest Epic Poem1316 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf is the longest epic poem written in Old English. The story centers around the exploits of Beowulf, a heroic warrior known for his strength and bravery. The theme of heroism is prevalent throughout the poem through the use of conflict between good and evil forces. Beowulf is often engaged in selfless conquests in the pursuit of saving others, resulting in his emergence as the hero of the story. The text, while focusing on the main theme of heroism, is divided in to two main parts, Beowulf asRead MoreTheme Of Paganism In Beowulf1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe longest epic poem ever written in the genre of Old English is â€Å"Beowulf†, it has been composed in the native language as spoken during the Anglo-Saxon reign in England, preceding the Norman Conquest. Beowulf is regarded as a classic tale which relates the defeat of evil and triumph of good. The poem is divided into three acts. Christian and Pagan Influences in Beowulf: The Pagan deities, rituals as well as pagan ideas influenced Beowulf, when it was being created, though the passing down ofRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity originating from Palestine and Greece 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from Arabia 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been the source of Myths and Legends of Greece. They were written by Homer. 4. The Mahabharata: The Longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion in India. 5. Canterburry: it depicts the religion and customs of English in early days. This originated from England and written by Chaucer. 6. Uncle Toms Cabin: written by Harriet BeecherRead MoreGood vs. Evil in Beowulf1456 Words   |  6 PagesGood vs. Evil in Beowulf Beowulf is longest and greatest early Anglo-Saxon poem which was composed in England sometime in the eighth century AD by a literate scop. This poem was created in the oral poetic tradition. This poem is considered as an epic because it is a long narrative poem which composed in an elevated style, dealing with the glories of hero (Tolkien 24). The setting of this epic is the six century in Denmark and southern Sweden. The protagonist, Beowulf is a noble warrior representsRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1740 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf The original poem, Beowulf, goes back to the Anglo-Saxon period in c. 650 and c.1100. Authors translated Beowulf many times in the Anglo-Saxon period to present day. It displays how a hero should be in the real world. He helps the people in the village and slays monsters. Everyone in the village looks up to him as he acts as if he were a role model. Beowulf, the protagonist in the translated Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, is a hero of his village, stands for bravery, strong will, and noblenessRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Literature Was Composed Between The Years 6501510 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the years 650 and 1110. Beowulf is one of the most famous epics written during this time. It’s also known as the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem. Most stories written during this time were about the deeds of warriors, heroic acts, and religion. Beowulf is a warrior from the Geats who is asked to come protect king Hrothgar from an attack by a sea monster named G rendel. All of these characters are men. There are very few epics from this time that put any focusRead MoreBeowulf Research Paper991 Words   |  4 Pagespaper over Beowulf, the story of a warrior from ancient times when monsters, goblins, and demons still plagued the Earth that we live on still today. Beowulf was a tall tale told for many, years to children before they fell asleep at night. Its a story that has been around from 720-796 a.d. And hasnt gotten old yet, because it inspires people and tells people what real hero’ s are capable of and what theyre made of and the limits they can surpass all on their own will and strength. Beowulf isnt justRead MoreThe Epic : An Analysis Of The Epic Of Beowulf701 Words   |  3 PagesBeowulf is one of the longest surviving Anglo-Saxon poem. The epic takes place in the sixth century in what is now Denmark and Sweden. The poem opens with Hrothgar, whose successful rule is signified by a glorious mead-hall called Heorot. For 12 years, a massive man-like ogre named Grendel, a descendant of Cain, has raided Heorot and killed the kings warriors. Beowulf, a young warrior from Geatland (Sweden), comes to Hrothgar’s aid, bringing 14 of his best men with him. At a feast before the endRead MoreGrendel and Fictional Hero Beowulf796 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf: The Author’s Insight to Characters in the Story Beowulf, the longest surviving poem in Old English and one of the earliest European epics written in the vernacular, tells of the journeys of the fictional hero Beowulf. The first part of the story tells of Beowulfs adventures in Denmark, where he battled the monstrous creature Grendel and his mother (also a creature) on behalf of King Hrothgar, the King of Danes. The second part of the story narrates his later life, including his fightRead More Is Beowulf an Heroic Elegy or an Epic Narrative? Essay4711 Words   |  19 PagesIs Beowulf   an Heroic Elegy or an Epic Narrative?      Ã‚  Ã‚   There is considerable debate as to whether the poem Beowulf is an epic narrative poem or an heroic elegy. Which is it. This essay intends to present both sides of the story.    Some great literary scholars think that the poem is an heroic elegy, celebrating the fantastic achievements of its great hero, and also expressing sorrow or lamentation for the hero’s unfortunate death. In â€Å"Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics† Tolkien states:

Gay Marriage And The Civil Rights Of All American People

While some states have began to embrace the civil rights of all American people and allowing both hetero- and homo-sexual couples to marry, some states have done quite the opposite and banned same sex marriages and unions. Not all Americans feel so strongly about legalizing same sex marriage. Those against same sex marriage believe marriage has been defined as being between a man and a woman. However, that has not always been true, as explained in the beginning of this paper, the ancient people commonly wed the same gender and them and also had same sex sexual relations (ProCon.org). In fact in the first century Nero the Emperor of Rome married at least two of his lovers who were men (Chastain 19.) It was not until Christianity became a wide spread religion that sodomy and homosexuality became immoral. Those who oppose the legalization of gay marriage also believe that same sex marriage will threaten the institution of marriage. Marriages since 2011 have been at a new low, with only 52 percent of adults being married (Yen). However gays are fighting for the right to marry who they love, while heterosexual couples take that for granted. Divorce rates are currently lingering around 40-50% that is without gays being able to be married in many states. By allow homosexuals to marry their significant others, it will allow for a stronger bond and maybe bring back life into the deteriorating world of marriage. In states that do allow for same sex marriages, their divorce rates areShow MoreRelatedLegalizing Gay Marriage Essays800 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Gay Marriage The battle over Gay marriage in the United States reached a fever pitch during the presidential election of 2004. The issue vaulted into prominence when the Democratic mayor of San Francisco flouted state law and performed marriage ceremonies for Gay couples. Conservatives claim that the issue catapulted them into power by motivating fundamentalist Christian voters to turnout in order to defeat anti-gay-marriage amendments in eleven states, includingRead MoreEssay on Pro Same-Sex Marriage and Pro Family1487 Words   |  6 Pagesin loving relationships - maybe in marriage or other forms of commitment. We need to ponder our own choices and try to understand the choices of others. Love has many shapes and colors and is not finite. It cannot be measured or defined in terms of sexual orientation.quot; ( Same sex marriage and civil unions) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; America’s population is growing, and the number of homosexuals is increasing as well. With the growing population of gays in America’s communities growing closerRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1019 Words   |  5 PagesIn Defense of Gay Marriage Right now our country is still dealing with one of the bigger social issues that plagues our society. People will argue for and against it in many different ways, whether it be right or wrong. The issue at hand is whether gay marriage should be legal or illegal. There are arguments on both sides of the spectrum, but at the end of the day gay marriage should be legal in all 50 states. Marriage is a right and freedom that should not be denied to any one person because ofRead MoreThe Fight for Gay Rights Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe fight to legalize gay marriage has won many battles in recent years. It has become available in Canada, England, New Zealand, and here in the United States it is now legal in 13 states (religioustolerence.org). Gay couples have become more prominently accepted in modern society, appearing in popular TV shows such as â€Å"Modern Family† and â€Å"The New Normal†. Gay marriage is even the inspiration for popular songs such as â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore Ryan Lewis. Even with same sex couples being moreRead MoreGay Marriage And Same Sex Marriage1412 Words   |  6 PagesShifting American Viewpoints towards Same-Sex Marriage in the Twenty-first Century prompting an opening of the debate with a stacking feeling of enthusiasm. In this task, I would like to be fit for refining the paramount purposes of argue between both for and against same-sex marriage and additionally the legitimate issues that are included in this subject. There are sure essential indicates that this is important, consider in the civil argument furthermore the equality for all Americans. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Rights Of Gay And Lesbian Couples1451 Words   |  6 PagesA Right to Love Most people feel that Government rights should automatically be granted to U.S. citizens. An upstanding citizen who pays their taxes, serves their community and abides by the law should be afforded the rights of an American. However, not all citizens are afforded equal rights. Gay and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbians couples are denied the right to marry even if they are upstandingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gay And Lesbians1447 Words   |  6 PagesMost people believe that they deserve the rights they are granted by the government. An upstanding citizen who pays their taxes, serves their community and abides by the law should be afforded the rights of an American. However, not all citizens are afforded equal rights. Gay and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbians couples are denie d the right to marry even if they are upstanding citizens. TheyRead MoreReligion And The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pagesobtain gay and civil rights has been directly influenced by religion, either in a positive or negative way. More specifically, religion has served as a disadvantage to achieving gay rights and an advantage to those that participated in the civil rights movement. Contrary to the recent successes of the gay rights movement, there have been a lot of obstacles along the way and most of them have been due to religious beliefs and practices. Religion opposes gay rights, especially gay marriage on the basisRead MoreGay Marriage Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesAgreeing with other people lifestyles can be difficult. For example, some people cannot agree to homosexual marriages; on the other hand, others can agree to live with homosexual marriages. As published in Procon.org, the article â€Å"Gay Marriage† enlists pros of homosexual marriages. In addition, homosexual marriages bring forth benefits to the economy, and their lives are harmless to society. Therefore, homosexual marriages should be entitled to live happy, legal lives. Rejecting certain groupsRead MoreSocial, Political, And Economic Institutions During The Civil Rights Movement1237 Words   |  5 Pagesduring the civil rights movement. In America, the civil rights movement has become one of the most well-known social movements in the world today. African Americans strived for full civil rights and better equality, and refused to quit fighting until their wishes were granted. The blacks protested the white supremacy in every way possible, from strikes to legal challenges in the court systems. The civil rights movement affected the everyday life of these citizens who should have had all of the same

pager vs. cell phone Essay Example For Students

pager vs. cell phone Essay What Does This Message Mean?Today devices known as Pagers are over flooding the world of communication. Pagers are devices that bring confusion to their users. The most common problem would be the method of sending a message. To send a message is very simple but you cannot give the message its sense of seriousness. That is why some Pagers owners discard messages that in fact might be a serious matter. Beginning in the late seventys when pagers started to gain popularity, more problems occurred after the necessity to add more area codes. This also affected the people who dont own Pagers. In the late eighties a solution to the problem was introduced. The Cellular Phone was to be the next generation of wireless communication. The features that the Cell Phone provides prove it is better than a pager. Therefore eliminating the pager out of the market is justified, and can be done in a few years. Since the first day pagers were available, they didnt provide many features. One negative aspe ct of a pager is that the receiver cannot determine if the message is important or not. Other than displaying the senders number, it can display time and date big deal. Some newer pagers are able to display text messages. This feature gives the owner more information about the page that he receives but he cannot determine the importance of the message. The message that a sender composes isnt as articulate a verbal conversation would be. The Positive aspects of a Pager are questionable. The popularity of pagers is most common among teenagers. Some people say that Pagers can be a good start for teenagers into their adolescent life. Some parents do not allow their children to own beepers. But later these parents notice the importance and eventually change their mind. A mother from Chicago, Kathy Nelson says We (parents) were adamantly opposed to beepers because of the drug connotations and the ban in school, they both got them without permission, then they told us. But Ive had a compl ete turn around. Now I can always reach them and they always call me back. Robert Sack, psychiatrist from Virginia says, Pagers should be a privilege, like having your own phone. They shouldnt be abused. But in a lot of cases it keeps the kid honest because they can be tracked down. The reason these two examples are questionable is because the parents arent the users of the pagers. They know that they are sending a message to their child, and they think that their child will perceive it the way they do. Most of the time the message isnt perceived by the receiver the same way the sender does. This doesnt happen in a verbal conversation. The nineties are the decade of the Cell phone. Service providers are running out of numbers, new area codes are required, and more confusion is created. But the up of this down would be that no matter what the cell phone is better than the Pager. The cell phone has more convenient features, and is classified as the number one candidate for the exchange between a pager. The cell phone is a very unique unit. It can be used as a pager, and regular phone, with the convenience of being mobile. Cell phones may also have a feature known to most people as caller ID. This feature can be utilized as a pager. Cell phones are a very quick way to reach a person immediately when in need. The best feature of a cell phone is that the user verbally communicates with the other person. There are no numbers, no awkward codes, or twenty-second limits. On a cell phone, just like any other phone, the user can be more expressive and to the point. This function is very important because pager users dont have this function, and they arent as reliable as phones. .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb , .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .postImageUrl , .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb , .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb:hover , .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb:visited , .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb:active { border:0!important; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb:active , .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub7f355b44641b0820e752272a7d958bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gun Control Background EssayThe most important feature every consumer is looking for is the price of operating such devices. Pagers range from $20 to $100 per unit. The service ranges from $0 (caller pays) to $40 a month. A Cell phone costs a slightly more. Price ranges from $40 to $200 per unit,

The Modern Music of Soul free essay sample

Music gives a soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the Imagination, and life to everything. What the philosopher Plato is trying to say is that music Is everything and it makes us who we are. Journey uses many literary devices to spread the message to never give up and dont stop believing. The powerful message that Journey Is trying to send to listeners Is that life gets rough and bumpy sometimes for everybody.There will be good times and when bad mimes are upon us, we need to hold on to the feeling of hope and you will conquer through the rough times. In order for Journey to send such a powerful message they use the repetition of dont stop believing and hold on to that feeling. They repeat this because they want you to know that no matter what is going on in your life, even if it seems it will never go away, there will always be a silver lining. We will write a custom essay sample on The Modern Music of Soul or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If Journey wants people to understand the message they are trying to spread, they need to paint a picture in their listeners minds. In the lyric Singer in a Smokey room, a smell of wine and cheap perfume Journey uses imagery so we can better understand what they are trying to tell us. Journey definitely wants their listeners to remember this song and the message behind it. They use the alliteration of singer in a Smokey room, Some will win, and Shadows searching in the night. To get you to remember this message, they include same consonant sounds in the beginning of a lot of their words. I really want you guys to know that the message conveyed in Journeys song DontStop Believing, which was the 13th most downloaded song in 2008, told us that no matter how bad things get, we should never give up, dont stop believing, and hold on the feeling of hope that these bad times will eventually be In our past. Additional Add Eons- What Is really special about this song Is that even to this day, Journey receives fan mail saying that this song has helped them through depression or go through problems happening In their lives . Music gives a soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and life to everything. What the philosopher Plato is trying to say is that music is The powerful message that Journey is trying to send to listeners is that life gets dont stop believing and hold on to that feeling. They repeat this because they I really want you guys to know that the message conveyed in Journeys song Dont matter how bad things get, we should never give up, dont stop believing, and hold on the feeling of hope that these bad times will eventually be in our past. Additional Add Eons- What is really special about this song is that even to this day, or go through problems happening in their lives.

Free Essays on Frequency Distribution

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION I. Identify the problem A randomly selected group of students in a class of 35 was asked how much allowance is given to them on a per day basis. The objective is to assess how much the average student gets on a daily basis, find how many of these students fall within a specified class interval using a frequency table, and how much the majority of the students get per day. II. Data: 100 200 300 500 100 200 250 450 300 700 250 350 200 250 100 500 200 150 150 150 150 150 300 350 250 250 300 350 250 250 400 350 400 300 400 Allowances per day of a group of 35 students studying at DLSU (in Php) III. Set-up the frequency table Class interval: =1 + 3.322log35 =6.12  » 6 Class size: =(700 – 100)/6 =100 Frequency Table Class Limits Class Mark Class Frequency Cum. Frequency 100-199 149.5 8 8 200-299 249.5 11 19 300-399 349.5 9 28 400-499 449.5 4 32 500-699 549.5 2 34 700-799 749.5 1 35 IV. Computations for descriptive statistics Mean: =(8)(149.5) + (11)(249.5) + (9)(349.5) + (4)(449.5) + (2)(549.5) + (1)(749.5) 35 =Php 306.63 Median: Median class is 200-299 =200 + 100{ [ (35/2) – 8 ] / 11 } =Php 286.36 Mode: Php 250.00 Measures of Variability: a. Average Deviation = (8)|49.5-306.63| + (11)|249.5-306.63| (9)|349.5-306.63| (4)|449.5-306.63| + (2)|549.5-306.63| (1)|749.5-306.63| 3771.39 = 3771.39/35 =Php 107.54 b. Variance/Standard Deviation Class Limits Class Mark Class Frequency fixi2 fixi 100-199 149.5 8 178,802 1,196 200-299 249.5 11 684,752.75 2,744.5 300-399 349.5 9 1,099,352.25 3,145.5 400-499 449.5 4 808,201 1,798 500-699 549.5 2 603,900.5 1,099 700-799 749.5 1 561,750.25 749.5 nà ¥ fixi2 = 35(3,936,758.75) = 137,786,556.25 (à ¥fixi)2 = (10,732.50)2 = 115,186,556.25 s2 = 137,786,556.25 - 115,186,55... Free Essays on Frequency Distribution Free Essays on Frequency Distribution FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION I. Identify the problem A randomly selected group of students in a class of 35 was asked how much allowance is given to them on a per day basis. The objective is to assess how much the average student gets on a daily basis, find how many of these students fall within a specified class interval using a frequency table, and how much the majority of the students get per day. II. Data: 100 200 300 500 100 200 250 450 300 700 250 350 200 250 100 500 200 150 150 150 150 150 300 350 250 250 300 350 250 250 400 350 400 300 400 Allowances per day of a group of 35 students studying at DLSU (in Php) III. Set-up the frequency table Class interval: =1 + 3.322log35 =6.12  » 6 Class size: =(700 – 100)/6 =100 Frequency Table Class Limits Class Mark Class Frequency Cum. Frequency 100-199 149.5 8 8 200-299 249.5 11 19 300-399 349.5 9 28 400-499 449.5 4 32 500-699 549.5 2 34 700-799 749.5 1 35 IV. Computations for descriptive statistics Mean: =(8)(149.5) + (11)(249.5) + (9)(349.5) + (4)(449.5) + (2)(549.5) + (1)(749.5) 35 =Php 306.63 Median: Median class is 200-299 =200 + 100{ [ (35/2) – 8 ] / 11 } =Php 286.36 Mode: Php 250.00 Measures of Variability: a. Average Deviation = (8)|49.5-306.63| + (11)|249.5-306.63| (9)|349.5-306.63| (4)|449.5-306.63| + (2)|549.5-306.63| (1)|749.5-306.63| 3771.39 = 3771.39/35 =Php 107.54 b. Variance/Standard Deviation Class Limits Class Mark Class Frequency fixi2 fixi 100-199 149.5 8 178,802 1,196 200-299 249.5 11 684,752.75 2,744.5 300-399 349.5 9 1,099,352.25 3,145.5 400-499 449.5 4 808,201 1,798 500-699 549.5 2 603,900.5 1,099 700-799 749.5 1 561,750.25 749.5 nà ¥ fixi2 = 35(3,936,758.75) = 137,786,556.25 (à ¥fixi)2 = (10,732.50)2 = 115,186,556.25 s2 = 137,786,556.25 - 115,186,55...

Resources for Teaching Tolerance and Anti-Racism

Resources for Teaching Tolerance and Anti-Racism    People are not born racist. As former U.S. President Barack Obama, quoting Nelson Mandela, former president of South Africa, tweeted shortly after the tragic events in Charlottesville August 12, 2017 in which the university town was overtaken by white supremacists and hate groups, resulting in the killing  of a counter protester, Heather Heyer,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin or his background or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.† Very young children do not naturally choose friends based on the color of their skin. In a  video created by the BBC children’s network CBeebies, Everyones Welcome,  pairs of children explain the differences between themselves without referring to the color of their skin or ethnicity, even though those differences exist. As Nick Arnold writes in What Adults Can Learn About Discrimination From Kids, according to Sally Palmer, Ph.D., lecturer in the Department of Human Psychology and Human Development at University College London, it is not that they dont notice the color of their skin, it is that the color of their skin is not what is important to them. Racism is Learned Racism is learned behavior. A 2012 study by Harvard University researchers showed that children as young as three years of age  can adopt racist behavior when exposed to it, even though they may not understand â€Å"why.†Ã‚  According to renowned social psychologist Mazarin Banaji, Ph.D., children are quick to pick up on racist and prejudicial cues from adults and their environment. When  white children were shown faces of different skin colors with ambiguous facial expressions, they showed a pro-white bias. This was determined by the fact that they ascribed a happy face to a perceived white skin color and an angry face to a face that they perceived to be black or brown. In the study, black children who were tested showed no color-bias. Banaji maintains that racial bias can be unlearned, though, when children are in situations where they are exposed to diversity and they witness and are part of positive interactions between different groups of people acting as equals.   Racism is learned by the example of one’s parents, caregivers, and other influential adults, through personal experience, and through the systems of our society that promulgate it, both explicitly  and implicitly. These implicit biases permeate not only our individual decisions but also our societal structure. The New York Times has created a series of informative videos explaining implicit biases.   There are Different Types of Racism According to social science, there are seven main forms of racism: representational, ideological, discursive, interactional, institutional, structural, and systemic. Racism can be defined in other ways as well - reverse racism, subtle racism, internalized racism, colorism. In 1968, the day after Martin Luther King was shot, the anti-racism expert and former third-grade teacher,  Jane Elliott, devised a now-famous but then-controversial experiment for her all-white third-grade class in Iowa to teach the children about racism, in which she separated them by eye color into blue and brown, and showed extreme favoritism toward the group with blue eyes. She has conducted this experiment repeatedly for different groups since then, including the audience for an Oprah Winfrey show in 1992, known as  The Anti-Racism Experiment That Transformed an Oprah Show. People in the audience were separated by eye color; those with blue eyes were discriminated against while those with brown eyes were treated favorably.  The reactions of the audience were illuminating,  showing  how quickly some people came to identify with their eye color group  and behave prejudicially,  and what it felt like to be the ones who were being treated unfairly.   Microaggressions are another expression of racism. As explained in Racial Microagressions in Everyday Life, Racial microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color. An example of microaggression falls under assumption of criminal status and includes someone crossing to the other side of the street to avoid a person of color. This list of microagressions serves as a tool to  recognize them and the messages they send.   Unlearning Racism Racism in the extreme is manifested by groups such as the KKK and other white supremacist groups. Christoper Picciolini is the founder of the group Life After Hate.  Picciolini is a former member of a hate group, as are all the members of Life After Hate. On Face the Nation  in  Aug. 2017, Picciolini said that the people who are radicalized and join hate groups are not motivated by ideology but rather a search for identity, community, and purpose. He stated that if theres a brokenness underneath that person they tend to search for those in really negative pathways. As this group proves, even extreme racism can be unlearned, and the mission of this organization is to help counter violent extremism and to help those participating in hate groups  find pathways out of them. Congressman  John Lewis,  a prominent Civil Rights leader, said, The scars and stains of racism are still deeply embedded in the American society. But as experience shows us, and leaders  remind us, what people learn, they can also unlearn, including racism. While racial progress is real, so is racism. The need for anti-racist education is also real.   Following are some anti-racism resources that may be of interest to educators, parents, caregivers, church groups, and  individuals for use in schools, churches, businesses, organizations, and for  self-assessment and awareness. Anti-Racism Curricula, Organizations,  and Projects The Race Card Project  :  The Race Card Project was created in 2010 by NPR Journalist Michele Norris to foster a conversation about race. In order to promote an exchange of ideas and perceptions from people of different backgrounds, races, and ethnicities  Norris asks people to distill their thoughts, experiences, and observations  about race into one sentence that only has six words and submit them to the Race Card wall. In 2014, The Race Card Project was awarded a prestigious George Foster  Peabody Award for excellence in electronic communications for turning a pejorative phrase into a productive and far-reaching dialogue on a difficult topic.RACE: Are We so Different?:  This website is a project of the American Anthropological Association and is funded by the Ford Foundation and the National Science Foundation. It looks at race through three different lenses: history, human variation, and lived experience. It offers activities for students and resources for families, t eachers, and researchers. It is based on a traveling exhibit by the same name. Educating for Equity:   Educating for Equity is  the website and consulting business of Ali Michael, Ph.D., who is the co-founder and director of The Race Institute for K-12 Educators  and the author of several books having to do with race, including  Raising Race Questions: Whiteness, Inquiry, and Education (Teachers College Press, 2015), which won the 2017 Society of Professors of Education Outstanding Book Award. The Race Institute for K-12 Educators is a workshop for educators to help them develop a positive racial identity so that they can support the positive racial identity development of their students.  A comprehensive list of  Anti-Racism Resources for Teachers  is included on this website.   The Storytelling Project Curriculum:  Learning About Race and Racism Through Storytelling and the Arts  (this  Columbia University form  enables free use of the curriculum and requests feedback to the creators):  The Storytelling Project Curriculum, created th rough Barnard College, analyzes race and racism in the United States through storytelling and the arts. Using four different story types - stock stories (those told by the dominant group); concealed stories (told by people in the margins); resistance stories (told by people who have resisted racism); counter stories (deliberately constructed to challenge the stock stories) - to make the information more accessible to students, to connect the political and the personal, and to inspire change. For middle and high school students. Anti-Racism Activity: ‘The  Sneetches’  :  Through Teaching Tolerance, this curriculum for grades K-5 uses Dr. Seusss book,  The Sneetches as a springboard for discussion about discrimination and how students can  take responsibility for their environment.  What are Microaggressions and Why Should We Care?:  A course developed by the Unitarian Universalist Association on learning to recognize and deal with microaggressions in daily life.    Resources and Further Reading How Teachers Learn to Discuss Racism, The Atlantic,  https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2017/01/how-teachers-learn-to-discuss-racism/512474/  Can Science Help People Unlearn Their Unconscious Biases?, Smithsonian Magazine,  smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/can-science-help-people-unlearn-their-unconscious-biases-180955789/Can You Unlearn Racism By Re-training Your Brain?, Bustle,  https://www.bustle.com/articles/184790-can-you-unlearn-racism-by-re-training-your-brainHow Do We Unlearn Racism? Complex Life,  complex.com/life/2016/11/how-do-we-unlearn-racism5 key anti-racism resources for teachers, courtesy of #CharlottesvilleCurriculum , Chalkbeat,  https://www.chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2017/08/14/5-key-anti-racism-resources-for-teachers-courtesy-of-charlottesvillecurriculum/Racism in America: It’s so pervasive that white people pay less for car insurance, Salon,  salon.com/2017/04/07/racism-in-america-its-so-pervasive-that-white-people-pay-less-for-car-in surance_partner/ Racial Progress Is Real. But So Is Racist Progress., New York Times,  https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/opinion/sunday/racial-progress-is-real-but-so-is-racist-progress.html?mcubz0White Anti-Racism: Living the Legacy,  Teaching Tolerance,  https://www.tolerance.org/professional-development/white-antiracism-living-the-legacy

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 17

Marketing - Essay Example These strategies are divided broadly into strategic scope and strategic strength. 2 A strategic scope relates to the demand of the products or the services that the company deals in and it focuses on the demand size and the component of the market. Strategic strength focuses on the supply of the products or services. Porter then came up with three strategies that reduced the broadness and the ambiguity of the previous strategies; these strategies included cost leadership, differentiation and market segmentation. The three strategies are drawn in a cube with the focus strategy being in the narrow segment and the other two being relatively broad.3 According to Porter, companies that gain a competitive advantage are those that strive to combine the three strategies effectively. Market segmentation can be combined with the differentiation strategy and ripe the company very effective results. Combinations of the strategies that are grouped in the broad category of the cube are a bit difficult to combine but that does not mean that they do not take place. Segmenting the market into niches helps the company to scope itself, increase the concept of demand and increase the company’s market share. Market segments also affect the strategies that relate to innovation and give the company the edge technology. This is because reducing the size of the market gives the company the specialization of the market and therefore, a chance to concentrate on aspects of improved technology. This presents the company as the pioneers of innovation. A multi-dimensional approach is a kind of approach where the company incorporates all the variables of market segmentation in coming up with its niches. These variables are broadly divided into; geographic variables, demographic variables, psychographic variables and behavioral variables.4 2.1 Geographic Variables – this is the

Finite element method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finite element method - Essay Example In order to avoid this situation; one must work in SI units (David, 2006). The Finite Element Method refers to a process of approximating a structure while considering that a structural analysis is being conducted, and existence of several potential sources of error. Major sources of errors include: several simplifications in structure model, element order, loads and boundary conditions, numerical, examples of errors from simplified representation, and general warning (David, 2006). Referred as disfeaturing, this simplification process usually involves taking out small details. It works well when stressed on the areas where omitted details are low. It is crucial to consider that sharp radii can increase the stress to a great extent. Ideally, its expected to start with a simple representation of the actual component and analysing if it is working as expected. If it is turning out as expected, more details can be added at every stage. With every repeat analysis, further details are added. In this way, it is possible to gain appreciation of the details that needs to be incorporate (David, 2006). All components have fixed radii at edges. However, a common perception should be ignored that small radii make "sharp" corner. It may not influence an exterior corner, however, for a sharp re-entrant, corner end up in a stress singularity. In stress singularity refinement of the FEA mesh will result in increased stress values with reduction in element size. Stress results are not requires while displacement results may work, however, a rational approximation of the radius should be utilized in the model. In order to avoid this issue, model components can be made with a substance that can identify plastic bend, however, the pressure at the sharp re-entrant will continue to be unlimited. If stressors are not required, induction of a sharp re-entrant will not influence the results and simplification process will lead to simplify model, for instance,

Textron Case Essay Example for Free

Textron Case Essay 1) How does Textron make money? Textron is able to make money as a result of 4 defining aspects of its business model: a. Textron is a conglomerate: by purchasing a variety of companies, Textron is able to share technology between its business units thus increasing its competitive advantage in these respective units. For instance, lessons learned in aerodynamics at Bell Helicopters can be used in the construction of aircraft at Cessna. Additionally, because of Textrons size, it increases its buyer power and can take advantage of economies of scale when purchasing from the common suppliers across business units. b. Diversification: Textron has purchased a variety of companies that complement one another such as different target markets (regular consumers vs. government consumers) and both high and low priced products (ex: hardware tools vs. private jets). Thus, like a well diversified stock portfolio, Textron is able to hedge its exposure to risk between its various business units (if one industry performs poorly one year, another industry may fair better). c. Vertically integrated: in Textrons history it developed a vertically integrated company that controlled every operational aspect of the business from raw goods to processing to distribution. Thus, it has been able to control the costs of many aspects of its business d. Finance business unit: Additional revenue is generated through the earned interest from customers who purchase credit from Textron in order to purchase Textron products. This revenue stream keeps customers in the Textron environment instead of losing customers to other credit-granting financial institutions. This Textron environment also: * Creates a one-stop-shop that can increases Textrons stickiness to its customers (also increase customer retention), which may lead to longer and stronger customer relationships. * Creates flexibility since Textron can offer more favourable interest rates than other financial institutions to promote more Textron sales 2) Assessment of Textrons: Assessment of Exhibit 1: Textron is investing heavily in assets that are not producing the sales or profits required to sustain its growth. Hence, its only choice is to finance its growth, which increases its debt and risk of bankruptcy. Textron needs to improve its asset management by increasing the output of its assets (such as PPE), changing its assets or improving its days inventory. Textron can increase the outputs of its assets by training staff to use equipment and tools more effectively or upgrade equipment and tools that can increase productivity. Textron can decrease its days inventory by improving its sales forecasting in order to produce only enough units that are demanded by the market. 3) Assessment of Textrons Cash Flow: Analysis of Cash Flow Statements 2004-2006 (in millions): * Under CFO * Net income nearly tripled from 2005 (203) to 2006 (601) * Under CFI * Net cash used in acquisitions increased significantly from 2005 (28) to 2006 (502) * Under CFI the Net Cash Used in Investing Activities of Continuing Operations has more than doubled from 2004 (800) to 2006 (2062) however, under CFO, the Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities of Continuing Operations has not doubled nor has it grown significantly from 2004 (949) to 2006 (1017). * Under CFF * In 2004 the Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities (Net CFO) is 950 and the Net Cash used in Investing Activities (Net CFI) 818. Therefore Textron generated enough cash to finance its investment activity (950-818 = 135). By contrast, in 2005 and 2006, Textron has had to use debt to finance its investments since in 2005 the Net CFO is 1036 million and Net CFI 1195 million (delta = -159) and in 2006 the Net CFO is 969 but the CFI is 1409 (delta = -440). By increasing the amount of debt, Textron increases its risk of going bankrupt in the future should the company not be able to meet its debt obligations. * Final Assessment of Cash Flow Statement: It seems that Textron is making a good amount of cash through its operations but this cash is not enough to feed its investment activities. Even worse, the increased investment has had little impact in increasing cash inflow. * Assessment of Exhibit 2: All of the above ratios are point towards poor cash flow management except Current Ratio. Thus Textrons favourable Current Ratio can be interpreted as Textron has the ability to pay off its liabilities only if it sells its large inventory (indicated by its large Days Inventory value). 4) Textrons use of LIFO and FIFO: e. Textrons income before taxes in 2006 using FIFO * Under current method: * The beginning inventory of 2006+purchase -COGS=the ending inventory of 2006 * 1,712 + purchase 8,528 = 2,069(in millions) let this calculation be called A

The Duel Essay -- essays research papers

In reviewing John Lukacs, The Duel, I noticed that the author has other intentions in mind besides the facts. Lukacs gives a very precise account of the actualy events during those eighty days but in my opinion he wants the reader to grab the bigger concepts. One of these concepts is that Lukacs wants the reader to honestly consider just how close the Allies came to losing the war. Another of these notions is the idea that the main difference between Churchill and Hitler concerned nationalism versus patriotism and a third idea is just how greatly history can be effected by the courageous decisions of a few people.Lukacs makes strong mention of how close Hitler came to victory. Hitler got everything he wanted for so long, without even having to resort to force. Lukacs describes Hitler as ''being an amateur at generalship, but he posessed the great professional talent applicable to all human affairs: an understanding of human nature and the understanding of the weaknesses of his opponents. That was enough to carry him very far''(3). Lukacs wants to make that a point in all of his readers' minds; that Hitler could manipulate people so he could get what he wanted without resorting to violence. Of course, the threat of violence was always present but Hitler was smart enough that he could scare his enemies enough that they would not want to engage in combat. Once actually forced to fight, Hitler still dominated and he could have very possibly won the war if not for that one fatal mistake he made by hesitating in his plans against the English. I think it is important that Lukacs makes sure to get this message across because some people choose to ignore this truth due to the devastating outcomes that would have resulted if Hitler succeeded. The major point presented by Lukacs concerning the difference between Hitler and Churchill has to do with nationalim versus patriotism. Lukacs describes Hitler as a nationalist and Churchill as a patriot. He describes Hitler as a man of ideas and Churchill as a of man principles, because Churchill's ideas changed throughout the war while Hitler tended to think that his ideas were principles. In a footnote there lies a a brilliant explanation of this idea. Dr. Johnson states ''Nationalism is the last refuge of a scoundrel. Patriotism is defensive, while nationalism is aggressive. Patriotism is not a substitute for a relig... ...till evident in this directive when it says if necessary. Hitler delivered his speech for a last attempt at peace on July 19, but it did not work. One of his main goals for the speech was to disconnect the people of England from Churchill but this failed because of the manner in which he spoke about Churchill. The next day, Hitler said that the English response meant that the German attack would commenec on Britain in a few days. Looking back at how these events unfolded, everyone should be glad that Hitler made such a mistake. I, for one couldn't believe that Hitler made this mistake. Throughout reading this entire book Hitler usually makes swift, decisive actions that get results and that is why Lukacs stresses this string of events in the book.Overall, this book is wonderfully written on a very interesting topic. The reader is put in the middle of a war of nerves and will between two men, one of which we have grown up to learn to hate. This only makes us even more emotional about the topic at hand. For a history book, it was surprisingly understandable and hard to put down. It enlightened me to the complex problems that existed in the most memorable three months this century.

Business law conditional acceptance Essay

Forming a contract there must be six essential elements which are acceptance, consideration, intention to be legally binding, capacity of the contract and finally legality of the promises.1To archive an agreement between the offeror and offeree there is a formula whereby offer+ acceptance=agreement.2An offer has to be created firstly. An offer means the indication by one person to another of his willingness to enter a contract with the other person on curtain terms.3An offer can either be written or oral example of an offer are email, letters, verbally offering something and internet. The purpose of this research essay is to see how the Australian contract law about acceptance must be unconditional and final. This essay also states how clear the laws are about acceptance and how the court decides the cases about conditional or qualified acceptance. Acceptance is an act performed by the offeree by the way of acceptance of the offer and which therefore creates a binding contract between the both parties.4 Besides that, there are other natures of acceptance which is counter-offer. Counter-offer is an offer that the offeree has countered the original offer by suggesting a new offer. According to the court counter-offer will automatically destroy the original offer.5Besides a counter offer an offeree can also request for more information. People tend to see this as a counter offer but the court has decided that this is a request for more information it’s a mere inquiry and not a counter offer.6The case of Stevenson Jacques & co v Mclean explains that Stevenson asked for the price but whether he can deliver the money over two months or if not the longest limit would be given, but there was no response form McLean and Stevenson cabled that he accept the offer, but McLean has sold it to someone and said that Stevenson counter of fer the offer. The court has decided that Stevenson was requesting for information not counter offering the deal.7 To reach an agreement the both parties has to have a â€Å"meeting of the minds†.8This means that for an agreement to be occur the acceptance of any offer should be unconditional and complete.9The case that develop the law that acceptance must be unconditional, clear and unequivocal is ‘Masters V Cameron’.10 The court had to decide whether the sale note was a binding contract.11 The sale note had a clause that Cameron solicitor had power to prepare the contract that in favor of Cameron demand, masters had to force to accept any demand that Cameron decides and it also was a preliminary agreement and not a conclusive document. The court held that there was no binding agreement between both of the parties only they had condition to the agreement where one party doesn’t accept it. In other words the both parties was in a negation stage. The high court of Australia had to make the same decision if any future cases arise with the similar facts.12Besides that, similar problem had surfaced in the case of ‘Souter V Shyamba Pty Ltd.13The court had to decide whether the document on 1 may 2002 was a binding contract or the parties just agreed on the price of the hotel, intending that no binding contract would come into existence until the exchange of a formal contract prepared by their solicitor. The court decided that there was a contract between both of the parties because firstly. There were formalities between both of them. Secondly, there was no reference that the document had terms like â€Å"subject to contract† or â€Å"subject to finance†. Lastly they had advice from their solicitor and they knew exactly what was happening. The court decided that the document on May 1 was a binding contract cause they had a price, the parties agreed and they had essential terms in that document.14There was a case that had an opposite decision of the court which is the case of ‘First Church of Christ, Scientist, and Brisbane as Trustee under Instrument 7020202154 v Ormlie Trading Pty Ltd’.15The court held that the parties had no intention of entering into a binding contract even though they have reached an agreement on the essential terms. The both letter had â€Å"in principle† in it. The court said that â€Å"in principle† indicates that there were no unqualified acceptance by the offeree of the offer.16This cases had strong court judgment that the first rule of acceptance that is must be clear and unequivocal and certainly not conditional.17 Conditional acceptance might also been known as qualified acceptan ce. This type of acceptance is known as when a person to whom an offer has been made tells the offeror that he or she is willing to agree to the offer provided that there are some changes are made in its terms or that some condition or event occurs. This is merely a counter offer this isn’t an acceptance.18The case that showed that conditional offer is a counter offer is ‘Hyde v Wrench’.19The story was when an offer was made to Hyde by wrench to buy the property for $1000, but then Hyde made a new offer stating that can he buy it for $950.Wrench rejected this offer then, Hyde wanted to buy the property back with the original price of $1000 and wrench refused to sell it. Then, Hyde sued wrench to enforce the original contract. The court decided that Hyde and destroyed the original offer cause he counter offered the deal with a new offer and according to the court this will destroy the original contract and can’t be done anything by the offeror.20 Curtain contract of purchase of goods or real estate there is a term ‘subject to contract’. This means that the contract will be accepted when the subject or the purchaser has the reasonable finance to purchase.21The case that develop this condition is ‘Meehan v Jones’.22 Agreement containing this phase can be indeed binding, while noting that the effect of this clause has to be ultimately decided by the both parties. The court had decided that the agreement was binding and this phase wasn’t a condition implied by one person. This has to be fully determined by the purchaser if he has suitable financial needs to accept the agreement and has the intention to be legally bound by this phase. Deciding whether he or she has enough of financial need, the purchaser had to act ‘honestly, or honestly and reasonably’. Once the finance is obtained, the contract would come legally binding. Current case like ‘Australian securities and investment commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd’ had no acceptance involved.23Even though, the both parties had essential agreement which had price, subject matter and scheduling. Fortescue Metals group Ltd had entered an agreement with a Chinese contractor to build an infrastructure for a mining work in South Australia. While they had an agreement between Australian securities and investment commission. The court had decided that there were no binding contract between the both parties even though, they decided with price matter and the scheduling. The court stated that there were no acceptance involved between the both parties because the party had left crucial matter in the offer and the other party didn’t accept the offer even though prices time and matter was discussed. In conclusion, the high court of Australia has made it very clear that acceptance must be clear, unconditional and unqualified.If there are condition to the agreement it means that it’s merely and counter offer not the original offer. Besides that, incomplete agreement are not acceptance but merely the both parties are in a negotiating stage. Previous cases such as Masters V Cameron, Souter V Shyamba Pty Ltd, First Church of Christ, Scientist, and Brisbane as Trustee under Instrument 7020202154 v Ormlie Trading Pty Ltd has made it very clear how the court decides on future cases regarding acceptance. In my opinion, acceptance can’t be final if the offeree doesn’t accept the offer and acceptance can’t happen when both parties doesn’t want it to be legally binding. The current case like Australian securities and investment commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd had made it clear they followed their precedent cases about acceptance and how it has to b e unconditional and clear24. A person can’t accept some of the agreement and discard curtain agreement this means they are not fully accepting the offer only negotiating about it.25 (1408 words)

Pre-Interview Essay

Pre-interview Essay 30/01/2013 I would like to follow the CELTA course for quite a few reasons. To begin with, and more importantly, I want to do the course so as to obtain the right qualifications for and English tutor. I think that the CELTA course can provide me, not only with the necessary teaching skills, but also with the highest knowledge of the subject.Moreover, if one already has the education and skills needed this course gives him the opportunity to keep up to date with the English language, because as it is widely known language, in general, keeps evolving and changing. Another important reason that makes me want to follow the course is the fact that CELTA diploma is recognized thru out the world. That is a great advantage as one has the opportunity to work at almost any country he desires.Needless to say that this is of great benefit not only to one’s teaching experience but to him as a person, as he will be able to broaden his horizons by meeting new educational systems and cultures. I believe that I would be a successful teacher of the English language because I am very interested in it, therefore, I would constantly try to enrich my knowledge around it and do my best to be up to date, not only with the language itself but with educational systems so that my students would get the best education possible from me.I am of the opinion that you must love what you do so as to be good at it and teaching is what I love. Other than that, I feel that I am the kind of person that can pass his knowledge to the others. I am friendly and easy-going which makes people around me feel comfortable and able to trust me. On the other hand, I am very organized and focused on my goals, even a little bit of a control freak which I believe make me better at what I do and are some important qualities for a successful teacher.

The Wiggles as a Popular Culture Essay Example

The Wiggles as a Popular Culture Essay Example The Wiggles as a Popular Culture Paper The Wiggles as a Popular Culture Paper The Wiggles are a childrens music and entertainment group consisting of four members who formed in Sydney in 1991. The original members were Anthony Field, Murray Cook, Greg Page and Jeff Fatt. Before the formation of the group, Field and Fatt were members of the Australian pop band The Cockroaches with Page being a roadie, and met Cook at Macquarie University where they were studying to become pre-school teachers. Together, they formed The Wiggles. Using connections gained from The Cockroaches, The Wiggles first manager Jeremy Fabinyi negotiated with the ABC to air The Wiggles TV show. This program essentially promoted their first album and tour, launching The Wiggles careers. The Wiggles, due to the development of technology such as television and the internet, have globalised into an internationally recognised franchise. By definition, a popular culture has four characteristics; they are associated with commercial products, develop from a local to international scale, allow consumers to have widespread access to it, and are constantly changing and evolving. The Wiggles can be classified as a popular culture due to its conforming to these characteristics. The group conforms to these characteristics by having much ssociated paraphernalia, such as albums and posters, has developed into an international franchise which tours the world, allows consumers widespread access to The Wiggles products, and is changing and evolving in order to benefit the children of the present day society. Advances In technology have allowed social and cultural studies to become more In-depth. Such studies have highlighted the importance of childrens social and cultural experiences linked with their literacy development. Children who participated In the watching of programs such as The Wiggles were noted within these studies to have higher literacy rates at the start of heir primary schooling than children who didnt. This has enabled The Wiggles to have status In the early childhood education Industry due to the childrens stimulation of their creative senses, while also making the learning process enjoyable for the child. This therefore has a positive effect on the young Individual In the present as well as the future, as well as The Wiggles being viewed In a positive manner by consumers and members of society because of this Influence on children. The Wiggles are so successful because of their positive Influence on childrens lives nd the satisfaction that adults receive from being aware of the educational value behind the program. This can be obviously demonstrated through the long-running creative programs aired on televlslon with such popularity that The Wiggles have become known around the world. This has made them an International franchise and allowed the company to expand Into other associated products and programs such as live performance shows and recorded albums. The products of this popular culture are aimed at a specific target market. Primary consumers of The Wiggles are young children but the major purchasers of associated products and paraphernalia re the childrens parents and adults. There Is no dlvlde In the consumption of this popular cultures associated products In relation to gender, although the group previously consisted of four males, as well as many of the associated characters being male. This recently changed In 2012 when a female Wiggle was Introduced, before, therefore giving The Wiggles the opportunity to expand their market even more. Despite the positive change of introducing a female Wiggle in order to make the childrens program more appealing to both genders, uproar has occurred resulting in a backlash over the internet. Social networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter have seen The Wiggles pages slandered by the secondary consumers of this popular culture, being parents, due to the introduction of this new yellow Wiggle. This has created a now somewhat negative attitude towards The Wiggles due to the rejection of this change. Due to the growing online shopping market, the purchasing of The Wiggles paraphernalia has become simpler due to the ease of access for consumers to these products. Such paraphernalia includes costumes, albums and television series, computer games, toys, books, bags and stationery. This market has allowed the expansion of The Wiggles market due to the vast number of people who have access to such technology as the internet. Over the 22 years of which The Wiggles have been an entertainment source on the television for young children, the philosophy of the group, being that of healthy eating, dancing and singing, has not changed. A reason why The Wiggles are so well-known within the present society is due to this trusted source of creative early childhood education being conveyed to the audience through different media outlets. This creates a positive perception of this popular culture within many consumers eyes.

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Insecurity

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Insecurity Linguistic insecurity is the anxiety or lack of confidence experienced by speakers and writers who believe that their use of language does not conform to the principles and practices of standard English. The term linguistic insecurity was introduced by American linguist William Labov in the 1960s.   Observations While there seems to be no lack of confidence in exporting native models of English as a foreign language, it is at the same time almost paradoxical to find among all the major anglophone nations such enormous linguistic insecurity about standards of English usage. The complaint tradition stretching back to medieval times is intense on both sides of the Atlantic (see Romaine 1991 on its manifestations in Australia). Ferguson and Heath (1981), for instance, comment on prescriptivism in the US that quite possibly no other nation buys so many style manuals and how-to-improve-your-language books in proportion to the population.(Suzanne Romaine, Introduction, The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. IV. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999) Sources of Linguistic Insecurity [Linguist and cultural historian Dennis Baron] suggests that this linguistic insecurity has two sources: the notion of more or less prestigious dialects, on the one hand, and the exaggerated idea of correctness in language, on the other. . . . It might be additionally suggested that this American linguistic insecurity comes, historically, from a third source: a feeling of cultural inferiority (or insecurity), of which a special case is the belief that somehow American English is less good or proper than British English. Indeed, one can hear frequent comments made by Americans that indicate that they regard British English as a superior form of English.(Zoltn Kà ¶vecses, American English: An Introduction. Broadview, 2000) Linguistic Insecurity and Social Class A great deal of evidence shows that lower-middle-class speakers have the greatest tendency towards linguistic insecurity, and therefore tend to adopt, even in middle age, the prestige forms used by the youngest members of the highest-ranking class. This linguistic insecurity is shown by the very wide range of stylistic variation used by lower-middle-class speakers; by their great fluctuation within a given stylistic context; by their conscious striving for correctness; and by their strongly negative attitudes towards their native speech pattern.(William Labov, Sociolinguistic Patterns. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1972) Also Known As: schizoglossia, language complex

Changing Aid Modalities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Changing Aid Modalities - Assignment Example The Tanzanian government needs to be in the forefront in ensuring that the support being given by the donors is utilized effectively in order to win their confidence. However, the government has been acting as a stumbling block, an aspect that has been affecting the level of development in the country. It is impossible for the donors to give out money and fail to monitor how it’s being utilized. This is because many of the African leaders have been accused of corruption. In addition, these governments have not set up strong institutions that would play an oversight role, thereby ensuring that every penny by donors is accounted for. Moreover, the government has a long chain of command involving the central government, and local government. These can be the loopholes that can be used by the leaders to embezzle donor funds. Therefore, there was need to involve an independent party to ensure that the money is utilized effectively. There is need to establish an independent auditing body which will serve the interests of the Tanzanian government and that of the donors. Although the issue looks like it has been settled, there is need to ensure that it does not erupt once again. This is through ensuring that there is a joint body established by the two bodies which will be mandated with ensuring that the interests of the two parties are taken into consideration. Both parties should appoint their representatives, an aspect that will play a significant role in reducing the conflict levels. The government should not be involved in the management of donor aid. Already, it has a mandate of ensuring that the current resources are utilized effectively. In addition, it has been dotted by different cases of corruption. This is the reason why many of the officials feel that the donors should leave the role of managing the funds to the government officials. However, doing this will make it hard for the funds

Lundy Marine nature reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lundy Marine nature reserve - Essay Example In 1969 the divers discovered the existence of warm water marine species and the idea of a marine nature reserve came into being and was discussed. After this discussion, a stimulated interest in protecting the area grew and in 1971 Lundy Field Society proposed to establish a marine reserve. According to lundy.org.uk (1999) provision for the establishment of statutory Marine Nature Reserves was included in the 1981 Wildlife and Countryside Act. After public consultation, on 21st November 1986 the Secretary of State for Environment declared a statutory reserve at Lundy.The Management of Marine Nature Reserve was given to English Nature by â€Å"the statutory advisor to Government on nature conservation in England† (lundy.org.uk, 1999) i.e. the English Nature is responsible to look after the Marine Nature Reserve. Landmark Trust employed a Warden for funding who lease the island in association with the Devon Sea Fisheries Committee that regulates and manage fisheries in the area . Devon Sea Fisheries Committee and English Nature jointly proposed the first statutory No Take Zone which is a 3.3 square kilometre of sea on east side of the Lundy Marine Nature Reserve in the UK. According to this proposal of No Take Zone none of the marine life including lobsters, fish and crabs of the sea should be taken and if any one does he/she is punishable under Marine Life Act. The No Take Zone has received support from every quarter of life i.e. from local fishermen to Lundy management, Advisory Groups and Devon Sea Fisheries.

Research proposal letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research proposal letter - Assignment Example This is what will be experienced by people once the marijuana is legalized as there will be continual usage of the drug. Similar to other hard core drugs, continual usage of marijuana will cause damage to the brain leading to problems such as psychosis in addition to diminished brain functions and affecting the memory. If people’s brains are likely to be destroyed, it means that the state will lack productive people in the future and that will be the beginning of the end of this great state. Unborn babies who are the future generation of this great land will also be affected by the marijuana even while in the womb. It is open fact as explained by Kleber and Dupont in their research findings that medical marijuana is of great help to people with glaucoma, epileptic seizures, decreases anxiety, prevents the spread of cancer and is even a powerful painkiller among other health benefits. This therefore means that it cannot be prevented from being used for medical purposes. The solution to such an issue is to therefore only legalize medical marijuana. There should be law indicating that people to produce medical document signed by the physician about the need to use the medical marijuana in the specific shops selling the drug. The sellers should have official permits from the county offices to legalize their sale and regular checks will be made in their shops to ensure they are not breaching their contracts. This legalization will cost less than when the regular marijuana is legalized. The cost of medical expenses will also reduce to the sick people are they will reduce their frequent hospital visi t and purchase of expensive drugs. This is not expected to be an easy thing as people will still find ways to forge documents so they can purchase the marijuana even though they lack pre-existing medical condition to demand the use of the drug. There are also activists who are bound to reject even the legalization

Comparison of Wren Micro-turbojet Engine and Wren turbo-drop

Comparison of Wren Micro-turbojet Engine and Wren turbo-drop Introduction In the following report, one will be analysing and comparing the wren micro-turbojet engine and the Wren turbo-prop, the engine will be tested in the Aviation laboratory in the houldsworth aviation laboratory, here the tests will be carried out, but before the test s are carried out on each of the propeller that needs to be used for the turbo prop must be chosen. The propeller will be chosen in its efficiency in a certain variable which will be chosen later in the report, there is a choice of a few different propellers, tests shall be ran on each different propeller with the results been recorded by the FADEC. Once the propeller has been chosen tests shall e ran on both engines, the results will be analysed with numerous variables, Health and safety During the course of the lab work, health and safety will play a big part in keeping people safe, Engines pose many possible hazards which are listed below: Noise: The engines that will be used will produce a loud noise that is capable of damaging hearing permanently; therefore the test will be run with the testers wearing ear protection to prevent permanent ear damage. Fuel: fuel poses numerous threats in the lab; the highly volatile liquid can produce vapour that can cause an explosion so therefore all fuel must be kept in a sealed container that must be kept sealed and stored in a cool, dry place away from irresponsible personnel. Fuel is also irritable when in contact with skin so therefore gloves must be worn when in contact with the substance. The engines: the engines themselves pose a huge health and safety risk, the engines contain many objects in motion which can cause a hazard if any of the objects become loose, which could result in a projectile being thrown across the room, to eliminate this risk, the tests will be carried out in a separate room from the testers. The engines also produce fumes which are harmful to humans so an extraction pipe is now attached to the exhausts to remove most of the fumes but testers must be wary that the extraction system may not be 100% efficient so contact time after the runs must be kept minimal. As engines must be run correctly to be run safely, inexperienced testers must always be supervised by personnel with sufficient experience with the engines. The fumes that are produced by each engine must be sufficiently vented away from the area as they are a hazard to health. Extraction system failure At the beginning of February 2010 the group was told that the lab where the engine runs were to be carried out had been ruled unsafe due to the failure of the ventilation system had failed. It was possible that the test could not have been carried out, which the whole group was disheartened by, but the group pulled together and all tried to find a solution for the problem, many avenues were explored, even the possible opportunity of the back of a restaurant. Gareth Atkinson contacted multi flight about the possibility of running the engines at their base as it is located at Leeds-Bradford airport, Multi flight obliged so therefore Gareth Atkinson filled out the risk assessment form shown in appendix A. By the time Multi flight replied back with their permission the group decided that that time was against us for running the engine tests at Multi flight, results from previous engine runs were used instead. The Jet Engine The Engine has proved to be an innovative piece of machinery and has allowed the aviation industry to be what it is today, nearly all of the innovative aircraft of today and conceptual aircraft of tomorrow are all powered by the same type of engine the jet engine. The first form of jet propulsion device was first patented by a French engineer Renà © Lori in 1913 but the design remained conceptual as the design needed heat resisting materials that were not available at the time plus the reason that the jet engine was not suitable to fly at the low airspeeds as they did at the time (1996a) The design of which is shown in figure 1. Not until 1930 did frank whittle receive a patent for a jet engine, Frank whittle went on to build the first jet engine which had its maiden flight 11 years after its patent was received. From this basic foundation more advanced jet engines were produced. Since this first prototype the jet engine has developed from this early prototype to power aircraft that travel faster than sound. The jet engine works by compressing air adding fuel and combusting the mixture using the pressure increase to accelerate the air rearwards out of a propelling nozzle. The compression is the first stage of a gas turbine engine, there are many different configurations of compression the first form was the centrifugal compressor, which is the same compressor is fitted to the Wren micro-gas turbines that will be tested in this dissertation. Centrifugal compressor The centrifugal compressor essentially does what it says on the tin and compress the air using centrifugal forces, the air is compressed by an impeller which is attached and rotated by a shaft that is connected to the rear turbines, which convert the pressure, velocity and heat energy from the exiting gas in to mechanical energy to rotate the shaft which turns the impeller at high speed. The air introduced continuously throughout the running of the engine through to the eye of the impeller which then enters the rotating guide vanes and due to centrifugal forces causes the air to move towards the tips of the impeller; here the air enters the diffuser which is a system of stationary(Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996) ducts which are designed to convert the kinetic energy of air stream into potential energy, which further increases the pressure of the gas. Below is a diagram showing a cross-section of the impeller and the changes in pressure and velocity throughout the impeller: From figure 2, the graph at the right shows the pressure and velocity changes at each stage of the centrifugal compressor, as the air enters the eye of the impeller. The air is subjected to a centrifuge which increases the pressure and velocity of the airstream, the air then passes through to the diffuser section where the passage of divergent nozzles convert the kinetic energy into pressure energy. The graph shows that half the pressure rise occurs in the impeller and the other half in the diffuser section. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Axial flow compressors Axial flow compressors have a higher compression ratio than centrifugal compressors provided air which is at a higher pressure therefore used over centrifugal compressors as the higher pressure give better performance. Axial flow compressor consists of alternating rotor and stator blades, where each stage, which consists of a row of rotating blades followed by a row of stator blades, increases the pressure by a small amount so therefore several stages are required to give the pressure increase required. Where many stages of compression operate on one shaft it becomes necessary to vary the stator vane angle to enable the compressors to operate effectively at speeds below the design conditions. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). A single spool compressor consists of one rotor assembly and stators with many stages as required achieving the desired pressure ratio, a multi-spool compressor of two or more rotor assemblies, each driven by their own turbine at an optimum speed to achieve higher pressure ratios and to give greater operating flexibility. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Principles of operation During operation the rotor is turned at high speeds by the turbine which makes sure that air is constantly being inducted into the compressor, which then is accelerated by the rotating blades and swept rearwards into the adjacent row of stator vanes. The pressure increase results kinetic energy received by the air by the rotor vane, which is then decelerated (diffused) by the stators vanes turning the kinetic energy into pressure. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Combustion Chamber The combustion chamber has the task of burning large quantities of fuel supplied through the fuel spray nozzles, with large volumes of air supplied by the compressor and releasing heat in a controlled process that the air is expanded and accelerated to give a smooth stream of uniformly heated gas at all conditions required by the turbine. The amount of fuel added will depend on the temperature rise required although the maximum temperature is limited by the materials that make the turbine blades and nozzles. (Rolls-Royce Limited, 1996) The combustion process The air arriving from the compressor is travelling at speeds up to 500 feet per second, which if entered the chamber would put out the flame due to the airs high velocity, so therefore the air must be decelerated. The air is diffused so the velocity is reduced also giving the added benefit of increasing the pressure. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). IIn normal operation the overall air/fuel ration can vary between 45:1 and 130:1, however kerosine will only burn efficiently at, or close to, a ratio of 15:1, so the fuel must be burned with only part of the air entering the chamber, in what is called the primary combustion zone. This is achieved by means of a flame tube that has various devices for metering the airflow distribution along the chamber. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). As shown in Figure 4, 20% of the air mass flow enters at the snout of the chamber, immediately downstream are a perforated flame and swirl vanes, the swirling air induces a flow upstream of the centre of the flame tube and promotes desired re-circulation. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Through the wall of the flame tube body, next to the combustion zone, are a number of secondary holes were a further 20% of the main flow of air passes into the primary zone. The air from the swirl vanes and that from the secondary air holes interacts and creates a region of low velocity recirculation, this take the form of a toroidal vortex, very similar to a smoke ring, this helps stabilise and anchor the flame the flame. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). The temperature of the gases after combustion is around 1800 to 2000 °C, which is far too hot for entry to the nozzle guide vanes of the turbine. As only 40% of the total airflow is used in the combustion process, so the 60% is left to help cool the air, which is introduced progressively into the flame tube. Approximately a third of this is used to lower the gas temperature in the dilution zone before it enters the turbine, whilst the remainder of the air is used for cooling the walls of the flame tube. This is achieved by a film of cooling air flowing along the inside surface of the flame tube, insulating it from the hot combustion gases. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Types of combustion chambers There are three main types of combustion chambers used in gas turbine engines; these are multiple chambers, turbo-annular chambers and annular chamber. Multiple combustion chambers This type of Combustion chamber is used on centrifugal compressor engines and primitive axial flow engines. The chambers are disposed around the engine and compressor delivery air is directed by duct to pass into the individual chambers. Each chamber has an internal flame tube around which there is an air casing, the air passes through the flame tube snout and also between the tube and the outer casing as earlier described. All the flame tubes are all interconnected which allows them to operate at the same pressure and also allows combustion to propagate around the flame tubes during engine starting. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Tubo-annular combustion chamber The tubo-annular combustion chamber bridges the evolutionary gap between the multiple and annular types. A number of flame tubes inside a common air casing. (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Annular combustion chamber This type of combustion chamber consists of a single flame tube in a completely annular form, which is contained in an inner and outer casing. The main advantage of the annular system is that for the same power output, the length of the chamber is 25% shorter than the tubo-annular system for the same diameter, saving weigh and production costs. . (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Combustion chamber performance A combustion chamber must be capable of allowing fuel to burn efficiently over a wide range of operating conditions without incurring large pressure losses. Also if flame extinction occurs, then it must be possible to relight. . (Rolls-Royce Limited., 1996). Turbines The turbine has the job of providing the power to drive the compressor and accessories and sin some engines shaft power for the propeller or rotor. This is done by extracting energy from the hot gases from the combustion system and expanding them to a lower pressure and temperature. The turbines are subjected to high stresses with the turbine tips speeds reaching over 1,500 feet per second with gas temperatures. Types of turbines Gas turbine manufacturers have concentrated on the axial flow turbine, although some manufacturers are building engines with a radial-inflow turbine. The radial-inflow turbine has the advantages of being rugged, simples and relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture compared to the axial flow turbine. On this type of turbine, inlet gas flows through the peripheral nozzles to enter the wheel passages in an inward radial direction. The speeding gas exerts a force on the wheel blades and exhausts the air in a radial direction to the atmosphere. These turbine wheels, used for small engines, are well suited for a lower range of specific speeds and work at relatively high effieciency. Micro turbines in industry In this section I will discuss and analyse the role of micro turbines in industry within aviation and out of aviation. Micro turbines can be used to produce electricity as well as power some ships. WREN ENGINES In this section I will be analysing the company of WREN, I will include what they do, their history and the current situation. I will note that the workers are enthusiast and work at a minimal wage to keep the company in business. WREN turbo prop In this section I will analyse the turboprop that will be tested in more detail. I will go through each component in a fair amount of detail, I will go through the manufacture process in some detail, and analyse the materials that are used. Wren turbo jet Here I will do in the same format as the turboprop but with a diary of our engine build: here is some rough notes I have made of the engine build# 26/10/09 Did our Risk assessment with Chris brier, told info on all aspect. Got on to the engine build, went smoothly until step 11 when inserting the shaft into the middle we dislocated bearings due failing to follow a step properly. We immediately called Chris brier to help us with our issue; he showed us how to replace the ball bearings into place. We then progressed onto the next step, at this point we saw etchings on the shaft and the rear turbine which we asked why they we like so We learnt that they were there for mass balancing, as an imbalance in weight would cause the shaft to distort. Balancing is done on each individual shaft by the manufacturer by a machine. Another aspect of the is the inefficiency of the compressor Compared to lager jet engines the gap between the edge of the compressor blades and outer skin is comparatively large therefore not all of the compressed air is used for the production of thrust, some leaks behind the compressor Step 16- when fitting turbine shrouds the turbine rests on a rim and not on turbines. Step 17- aligning case front, case front has been checked and aligned to the best of our abilities. Step 21- chamber stand-offs successfully crimped Step 22- comb chamber fixed in place, gas and oil tube is place and 3 stand-offs screwed in We found that the gas tube didnt fit because of misaligned lubrication pipe. So backtrack in progress was required to re-configure this step. In the process of correcting the combust chamber bearings in the same place fell apart, so were back to the same stage again Analysis This section I will analyse the results in detail evaluation Evaluate the whole process conclusion AppendiCise Apendix A Multi-flight risk assessment form Rolls Royce PLC. (1996a). The Jet Engine (5th Edition ed.). Birmingham: Renault Printing Co Ltd.

The Fast Food Health Scam Essay -- Health, Nutrition

For decades the fast-food industry has supplied Americans with tasty, comforting food, quickly and for a low cost. It was not until recently, when the health craze first hit America in the late 1980’s that the corporations developed a new approach to marketing health food products to fit their customer’s wants (Nielsen 450). Even the most common fast food chains, such as McDonalds and Subway started advertising â€Å"healthier† food items on their menus to continue appealing to the general public. In order to maintain significant market share of the industry, fast food companies must entice people of all ages and advertise alternative menu options, even if the nutrition content does not support the messaging. While fast food restaurants give the impression of offering healthy food, nutritionist studies show healthy alternatives are not as nutritious as advertised (Chandon 85). The reality is Fast Food companies hoax their costumers into believing the fast-food ad vertised is healthier but do not provide enough nutritional information for them to make educated decisions. The advertising technique of persuasion leads to false impressions of a product, much like the advertisement claims of selling healthy fast food. In â€Å"The Indictments Against Advertising† by Courtland L. Bovee and William F. Arens, both authors of business and contemporary advertising textbooks, briefly discuss advertising’s effect on the consumer. They also showcase business strategies, in this case the fast-food industry, persuading people to â€Å"want what they don’t need† (Bovee 358). With fast food marketing teams promoting healthy alternatives like apples instead of French fries or milk instead of soda, the companies are able to dupe the consumer into believing the... ... example, ordering a double quarter pounder with cheese and apple slices gives a false since of justification because they chose to forgo French fries (Chandon 302). Adding a marginally healthy substitute to an unhealthy entrà ©e should not be construed as a nutritional meal. Consumers also need to be aware of the adverse effects of adding high-fat high-sodium extras to their meals, such as cheese, mayonnaise, dressings, and special sauces. Instead if a person wants nutritional value within a fast-food meal they must diligently consider health content and portion size to avoid overeating and unwanted weight gain. Individuals need to take personal responsibility of their choices and not believe the false impressions of advertisers. Implementing nutritional knowledge not only while dinning in fast-food restaurants but into everyday life will lead to healthy longevity.

Electronic Document Preparation And Management Essay

An Operating System (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs require an operating system to function. An Application Software, also known as an application or an app, is computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks. Examples include enterprise software, accounting software, office suites, graphics software and media players. Many application programs deal principally with documents. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON OPERATING SYSTEM AND THE MOST COMMON APPLICATION SOFTWARE? Operating System The two most commonly used operating systems are Windows XP and Windows Vista. If you consider all versions of Windows to be the same product, then the most know about operating systems are windows and mac OS X but Linux is used more than mac.So the two most used operating systems are windows and mac. Microsoft even said that Linux is more of a threat than mac. Application Software Microsoft Office suite, in particular Word is very widely used. Other common applications on personal computers are Adobe Photoshop, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Sahara. Increasingly, software is being run on remote servers – there are network version of some of Microsoft Office, but services such as Facebook, Twitter and so on are application programs that run, largely, on remote servers. WHAT IS THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN COMMUNICATION DEVICES AND COMMUNICATION MEDIA? Communication Media and Communication Devices deliver messages to a receiver or audience. Communication media can be referred to as â€Å"media† because a common definition for media inherently includes its purpose in communication. Media is â€Å"the means of communication, such as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely,† according to Dictionary, an online reference site. Communication devices are the tools used by senders and receivers to deliver and receive message. More specifically, â€Å"Communication devices route and transmit information to various devices, including radio and telephone systems,† according to GlobalSpec. Common examples of communication devices noted by GlobalSpec include telephones, cellular phones, wireless and GPS technology systems, radios and transmitters. Specific applications used in conjunction with physical and hardware devices also are noted as â€Å"communication devices.† These tools include various communication software applications, magnetic receivers, transmitters, and switchboards. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Ceruzzi, Paul E. (2000). A History of Modern Computing. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Link: http://en.wikipedia.org. * Bic, Lubomur F.; Shaw, Alan C. (2003). Operating Systems. Pearson: Prentice Hall. Link: http://en.wikipedia.org. Print Screen 1 Fig 1. The first print screen showing that the file was attached in my yahoo e-mail account Print Screen 2 Fig 2. Print screen showing when the document was sent

Not My Business and ‘District 6’ compared Essay

The poem ‘Not My Business’ is written by a Nigerian poet Niyi Osundare. This poem is a dramatic monologue and uses a fictional narrator to reflect upon how the Nigerian society is affected by the political and military misuse of power and authority in addition to the people’s rejection to revolt against injustice. The poet uses the narrator’s ignorant and selfish personality to display the abuse of power not only in Nigeria but also around the globe. The title ‘Not My Business’ is short and simple to communicate the idea that South Africa’s socio-political status has not changed since the end of apartheid. The tone is very direct and shows the narrator to be ignorant and selfish. In addition to this, the structure of the poem emphasises his detachment with the people; the lines in which the narrator talks about himself are kept separate by the poet to stress his feeling of superiority over others. However, the narrator suffers the same fate at the end of the poem. The first stanza consists of Akanni being kidnapped. ‘They picked up Akanni one morning’. The poet uses the kidnapping to emphasise how the government’s attitude towards the public is like. The use of ‘they’ is an obvious indication of the military to the audience but is kept vague to engage the reader’s mind to the poem. Furthermore the poet uses ‘stuffed him down the belly’ to make the reader feel as though the government are like predators waiting to leap at anyone who opposes them. Osundare also uses this stanza to elaborate on the soldiers’ relentlessness towards the people, ‘beat him soft like clay.’ He uses this line to show the cruelty and injustice laid upon the people, because of the abuse of power and violence used to discourage individuals who resist them. The word ‘clay’ helps to describe the methods of torture used to punish attempts at what the government calls transgression. The poet goes on to show the ignorance of some of the people, ‘What business of mine is it so long they don’t take the yam from my savouring mouth.’ The narrator’s selfishness is shown by the mention of ‘yam’ which represents his food, comfortable home and self-occupied lifestyle, despite mentioning what happened to Akanni. Also, the poet uses the narrator’s eccentric personality to reach out to people who share a similar attitude. Additionally, the word ‘savouring’ helps to illustrate the greediness and materialism of the narrator in the reader’s mind. The second stanza begins by showing the mysteriousness of the military, ‘They came one night’. This implies that the army can come at anytime and the people are never safe. The narrator further goes on to show the brutality of the military, ‘booted the whole house awake’, which suggests that the army has injected fear in the minds of people. An abrupt feeling is formed with the use of ‘booted’ creating a sudden sentiment of fear. Furthermore vague terminology is used by the narrator to describe what happened to Danladi. ‘Then off to a lengthy absence.’ This emphasises the narrator’s desire to distance himself from reality. The poet uses the phrase ‘lengthy absence’ to show the narrator’s unwillingness to acknowledge that a threat is eminent from the government. Therefore the narrator regardless, lives with the atrocities that surround his society. In the third stanza Chinwe is fired from her job. ‘Her job was gone.’ The poet once again shows the government can strike at anytime any day. Osundare uses the repetition of ‘no’ to emphasise that Chinwe was sacked without legitimate reason. He does this further with ‘a stainless record’. This shows the influence and injustice of the government in the society as well due to the incident occurring in spite of Chinwe’s innocence. The refrain is used to make the reader feel that the narrator doesn’t have any remorse or guilt for not caring about the other people around him. The last stanza involves the narrator himself being taken away, ‘And then one evening as I sat down to eat my yam a knock on the door froze my hungry hand.’ The narrator’s tone is fearful and surprised. His ‘hungry hand’ shows his selfishness and greed. The poet uses alliteration to put emphasis on this. Furthermore, the repetition of ‘waiting’ creates tension in the reader’s mind and stresses the helplessness of the narrator when his own words come back to haunt him. It also coincides with the second stanza where the jeep is also ‘waiting’ for danladi. Lastly, the structure of the stanza shows the irony of the narrator’s situation, that he also suffers the same fate as his neighbours. The poem District 6 is written after apartheid by Tatamkhulu Afrika who is a white South African poet and is a dramatic monologue. Afrika amplifies his anger at the situation of South Africa by using a black South African narrator to show that discrimination is still widely active. The narrator feels the post-apartheid period should have been different. Throughout the poem the poet voices his disappointment with the racism and discrimination. The poet’s attitude consists of anger and frustration which is reflected and emphasised at the end of the poem where the narrator want to resort to violence. District 6 is shown to now be a run-down levelled place, ‘Small round hard stones’. This quote displays to a certain extent how District 6 has not changed since the apartheid government destroyed the area. In addition, the poet uses the consonance in ‘small round hard’ to depict the hostile and unpleasant environment. Furthermore, he uses a bitter tone, ‘seeding grasses thrust bearded seeds’. This is shown by ‘thrust’ which carries an aggressive attitude making the statement resentful. This is emphasised by the continuous repetition of ‘sss’ sounds used in this stanza. The narrator continues to stress District 6’s destruction, ‘trodden on, crunch in tall, purple-flowering amiable weeds’. He repeats the same idea twice using ‘trodden on’ and ‘crunch’ for emphasis showing the unchanged situation of district 6. The poet further uses the narrator to show a sense of belonging to District 6 in the second stanza, ‘my feet†¦my hands†¦my lungs†¦my eyes.’ Throughout the stanza the narrator emphasises his recognition and ownership of District 6 as if he grew up there. His defiant tone suggests that he is demanding back what is his and continues to do this with the repetition of ‘my’. At the end of the stanza anger is shown which shows his connection with District 6. The poet goes on to emphasise his anger at the contrast between races. ‘Brash with glass, name flaring like a flag, it squats’. He uses an aggressive tone to display his fury at the existence of a structure with thrives on racism. The rhyming ‘ss’ sounds at the end of ‘brash’ and ‘glass’ help to fuel the effect of anger in the reader’s mind. Also, the narrator shows how active and unopposed racism thrives through, ‘name flaring like a flag’. This shows the freedom of racism specifically because the inn is located in District 6 due to its significance in South African history. Furthermore, a mocking tone is used for emphasis with ‘it squats’, suggesting the white are occupying the inn illegally. Tatamkhulu relates to the title in the fourth stanza, ‘No sign says it is, but we know where we belong.’ The narrator conveys a mocking tone which echoes the idea and base of the poem, coming from the title ‘Nothing’s Changed’, that the situation of District 6 has been constant due to whites still occupying it since apartheid. The stanza is used to remind the reader of the cause of the destruction of District 6 which happened due to racism and discrimination. Furthermore, the poet uses the narrator to how his exclusion and separation from the white society, ‘I press my nose to the clear panes.’ This shows the narrator’s curiosity, but also suggests the existence of an invisible barrier, ‘clear panes’, between him and the whites. In addition, the narrator anticipates and emphasises the lavish lifestyle, ‘know before, I see them, there will be crushed ice white glass, linen falls, the single rose.’ The poet creates an atmosphere of luxury and beauty in the reader’s imagination. The use of ‘single rose’ at the end of the stanza suggests an upper-class influence. The reader is made to feel anger and disposition to antagonism towards the unfairness and discrimination directed from the white society. The next stanza leans towards the inequality still overshadowing the non-white society, ‘working man cafe sells bunny shows, take it with you, eat it at a plastic table’s top.’ The blacks are shown to be a lower class which contrasts to the upper-class whites in the previous stanza, despite the end of apartheid. The narrator also uses ‘plastic top’ to show the difference and neediness between blacks and whites. The last stanza reverts to the main picture of the poem, ‘boy again†¦hands burn, for a stone, a bomb to shiver down the glass’. The use of ‘boy again’ suggests that nothing has changed since the narrator was a boy and the word ‘shiver’ reflects the frustration in the narrator’s mind. Furthermore, the use of ‘stone†¦bomb’ helps the reader to understand the possible causes of violence throughout South Africa to be like calls of anger against racism. To conclude, the poem ‘Not My Business’ was written because the Nigerian public has no motivation to rebel and fight against injustice or tyranny enforced by the government. The narrator is shown as an example of what will happen to the people if they refuse to repel the injustice laid upon others and that they will eventually succumb to the same fate if they continue to be ignorant. In the second poem, ‘Nothing’s Changed’ summarises that South Africa has not yet managed to overcome its issues of racism, injustice and inequality despite being in the post-apartheid era. The poem acts as a plea to all South Africans to come together and unite to create a civilised society with equal rights. In my opinion, both poems share the idea that the people should unite and act against injustice and oppression, though in different ways; the message is universal: Unity will bring peace and harmony amongst the people.