Noise in Multimedia System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Commotion in Multimedia System - Essay Example Commotion is characterized as any undesirable thing in the ideal one. Despite the fact that in some uncommon cases in gadgets like oscillator where clamor is purposefully presented yet, the majority of the occasions they make block to the real witticism. Assume after dependable encoding information is sent over transmission medium. Deceptive electrical signs from condition may meddle to the first sign coming about clamor. In different cases commotion shows up as gleam of screen. For convenient gadgets engineers need to structure format for the objective gadget and creating pixels of exact width and goals once in a while give wrong outcome. Once more, online substance engineers who work autonomously for target gadgets at long last come out with objects which have issue in mapping. This paper expressly focuses on different commotion sources and their impact on interactive media items. It likewise traces approaches to beat it. Clamor in one sense is characterized as quantifiable measure of loss of information. It is an irregular boundary that can be estimated by its factual properties. In media transmission channel commotion is for the most part gets included medium during transmission. Figure 1 shows such a transmission channel. In the middle of transmitter to recipient there is the medium. It very well may be either wire if there should be an occurrence of line correspondence or free space for remote correspondence. Signal gets meddled by clamor in the medium by different methods for example roaring, signal from different sources if two signs are near one another and from befuddle among transmitter and recipient. Shannon characterized the restriction of transmission in a loud channel for a provided direct limit so as to augment the sign to-clamor (SNR) ratio1. Be that as it may, it doesn't ensure clamor free transmission. This is only the post transmission commotion and before it gets got. Various techniques exist to recognize any mistake has emerged and provided that this is true, to address it. The seven layer OSI model functions admirably for mistake recognition and remedy in any PC correspondence process. From sight and sound point of view transmission and gathering techniques are fairly progressively complex where; complete presentation is divided into various segments and afterward all together data is sent to the objective end keeping up timing limitation. SMIL is a language position utilized for encoding sight and sound introductions for transmission over the web. It's an organized arrangement of self-governing media objects. Figure 2 gives one fundamental planning containers2. In SMIL seq compartment start time is comparative with forerunner's end. Standard holder has start time comparative with the containing standard yet for excl object an is begun at whatever point object x (not appeared) is initiated and object b, c are begun when object y and z (not appeared) are enacted. It is to be noticed that no two basic course of events ought to be utilized to display the connection between a, b and c. In the event that it's not kept up, at that point there will be cover between the items that will go to give timing bungle, which may show up as commotion in show. Other than this, before transmission objects are encoded into helpful structure. During encoding information may get lost. For instance on the off chance that it's a picture, at that point it may have been encoded into jpg structure where loss of information and subsequently commotion can get presented. This clamor will be fused all through its handling and show up at long last in

The Nature of Nurture.

The Nature of Nurture. Our worldwide town is progressively expanding its ability in an oblivious manner. Individuals living in this cutting edge world no longer have the benefit to have any goal or abstract thing bigger than that which fits inside one's own private space. Be that as it may, a few people, particularly those with overpowering force and eminent distinction, despite everything trust in the hypothesis of natural selection through the free enterprise framework; they spread their impact to the individuals who have constrained quality and weak personalities as effectively as they may overwhelm dust. It is silly to the point that individuals have wanted to assume responsibility for the natural world, yet they are harassing and embarrassing everyone around them for different purposes. In the event that each individual could help other people, particularly for the special to help poor people, they would make more chances and commonly advantage the existence they all desire.It is no uncertainty that t he United States is the most grounded and most persuasive nation on earth, it is additionally one of the most receptive individuals that helps the immature nations to have well and solid living, and advances the need of the upkeep of the first worldwide appearance.The United States, which turns into the present status through initially exploiting worldwide assets out of Mother Nature, with adequate money related financial plans and notable character, accepts that it is fundamental for skillful nations to help the oppressed countries since they should know the explanation of give-and - take. They infer practically characteristic assets since they have greater capacity and capacity to get to; in the interim, they need to think about that the frail countries have less opportunity to do as such. It is sensible for them to impart strong and considerable gracefully to the poor.Another preposterous issue, the weakening of Mother Nature by advantaged individuals, unquestionably should be in spected intently. Despite the fact that individuals...

Ditching Your Old Tool Is Easy - Focus

Ditching Your Old Tool Is Easy - Focus On the market for a new project management tool but the thought of starting from scratch making your head hurt? Yes, the admin that goes into switching tools could be overwhelming. It could be likened to getting a new phone ten years ago. The dark ages with no cloud back-ups, losing your entire sms/email history and manually inputting all your contacts. Yes, manually! Bleugh. Nightmare. But what if we told you, we have a solution for that?   What’s the Alternative? The reason you’re probably reading this article in the first place is because you are not 100% satisfied. You like working with task management tools as you’ve seen real results and an overall increase in your team’s productivity. But there have been times when you thought to yourself, there has to be an easier way. The good news is that MeisterTask has made switching from Trello, Asana and Wunderlist as easy as possible with direct import options available for all three tools. The Most Important Things to Consider Reached the point when you’re assessing all options available to you? There are a few things that you need to bear in mind when making your final decision:   Your team works according to a specific workflow, so the tool that you choose has to be adaptable and customizable in order to fit in seamlessly. You’ve accumulated a lot of important information, data, attachments, and comments relevant to your projects’ outcome and you really don’t want to lose any of it. You’ve also put a lot of work into organizing your projects, adding tags, descriptions, checklists and due dates, so you’d prefer to migrate to a tool that takes this into account. And finally, you need a tool that you can start using right away. You can’t afford downtime, and ideally, your team needs to be onboarded as quickly as possible. Switching to MeisterTask You aren’t the only one who’s thought about jumping ship. While MeisterTask, Asana and Trello are similar in that they use the Kanban method, there are still many reasons why former users are flocking to MeisterTask, namely: 1. The Beautiful UI Many users new and old to task management appreciate MeisterTask’s sleek, minimalistic, beautiful design. At Meister, we believe that beautiful products make for an overall better user experience. What’s more, MeisterTask has focused on making the tool as intuitive and as easy to use as possible. You could try Meistertask. Really similar to Trello and Jira, just in a nicer looking package. â€" Adrian Spiegelt (@adrianspiegelt) March 26, 2019 Loving @Meistertask. Its basically a more beautiful Trello pic.twitter.com/40ht4vNeLt â€" Kaya Ismail (@KayaIsmail) March 13, 2017 #meistertask for #managing multiple #projects! almost like trello, but I find it easier the #interface easier to use. pic.twitter.com/UcUO87W7gy â€" Bemmygail Creative Studio (@bemmygail) July 13, 2017 2. Time Tracking MeisterTask, unlike a lot of other task management tools, has native, built-in time tracking. That means no other apps or integrations are needed. But just to be sure, we’ve also integrated with a few of the productivity world’s favorite time tracking tools, such as Toggl, Harvest, and PomoDone. This way, you always know exactly how long it took to complete a task. Im using MeisterTask. Its very similar to trello but I like that it can record the time spent (although I dont always keep track of it) â€" Mari (@marislvstr) June 21, 2017 iPad only decision 1 @meistertask wins out over Trello, integrated time tracking edges it. â€" The Old Designer (@TheOldDesigner) July 24, 2017 Switched to @meistertask this week on your recommendation André. Using the timer to track all my projects and then download to excel. So far, so chuffed! Thanks for the pointer ?? â€" Amy Boylan (@amyboylanwrites) April 4, 2018 MeisterTask’s time tracking is so great that it holds its own against other time-tracking-only tools: 8 Best Free Time-Tracking Software Options for Project Managers: https://t.co/gtHxhpC5mn Featuring: @AvazaHQ, @Clockify, @Freedcamp, @harvest, @Hubstaff, @meistertask, @timecamp and @toggl! pic.twitter.com/Un9oPSXySl â€" Capterra (@Capterra) August 9, 2019 If you don’t have a MeisterTask account yet, go to www.meistertask.com and sign up using your email address, Facebook, Google or Office 365 account. If you’re already a MindMeister user, you can also use your existing MindMeister login details. This will automatically connect your MindMeister and MeisterTask accounts. 3. Automations MeisterTask lets you easily automate steps in your workflow. For example: a task automatically completing after it’s been moved to the “Done” section shouldn’t involve you first learning techspeak, nor should it involve any other tools. These actions can be simply configured as an automation in MeisterTask. What I loved right away about MeisterTask were its automations. The ability to automate processes, rather than just visualizing them, is a huge plus compared to Trello.Axel Fischer, FiSCHER Akkumulatorentechnik 4. Integrations MeisterTask can be connected with more than 1,000 other apps via Zapier and offers powerful native integrations with all your favorite tools, such as Slack, Microsoft Teams, MindMeister and GitHub to name but a few. Want to turn emails into tasks without leaving your inbox? No problem with Spark. Have all relevant documents saved on Dropbox and need to attach them? No big deal. Working with Zendesk? So do we. Most importantly, MeisterTask integrates with its sister application, MindMeister, so your team’s brainstorms and project outlines can be exported into agile project boards. See our full list of integration partners here. Back to the Important Things   We mentioned earlier that there are a few important things that you should consider when searching for an alternative online task management tool, and here’s where MeisterTask comes in: Your team has a specific workflow that they work according to, easy peasy. MeisterTask allows you to customize your workflow to suit your own and your team’s requirements. No matter what you do, which department you work in, or the types of projects you work on â€" the options are endless. Use our standard workflow that practically anything can fit into (Open In Progress Done), or simply come up with your own. You’ve accumulated a lot of data and information over the course of your project which you’d ideally like to keep. Great news: You can! With MeisterTask’s direct import from Trello you can keep EVERYTHING. That means: boards (projects), lists (sections), cards (tasks), labels (tags), checklist items, due dates, attachments AND all comments. If you’re an Asana or Wunderlist user, we’ll get an import in the form of a CSV file of your project, sections, tasks, due date, notes and more. Keen to know more? Check out this help center article for details of your Asana import or this one, for details of your Wunderlist import. I moved all of my @trello projects to @meistertask and not a single tag, comment or item is missing. color me impressed. â€" Adrian Kosmaczewski (@akosma) January 9, 2017 Which brings us to our last point: Once you’ve imported your data into MeisterTask, you can pick up exactly where you left off. Adding the rest of your team takes only a few clicks, and if necessary, we offer great webinars and online tutorials to guide you through the set-up process. But rest assured, it’s really easy to use. Glad you liked it. I think it’s way better than Trello much simpler to get used to. Oh and thanks for sharing ?? â€" André Spiteri (@Andre_Spiteri) April 5, 2018 Currently using @meistertask. So much easier to use than @trello. â€" vozoto (@vozoto) March 3, 2016 So there you have it, all the reasons why you should switch to MeisterTask today. Coming from Asana? Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to import your Asana projects to MeisterTask. Are you a soon-to-be former Wunderlist user? Check out this blog article on how to get started with MeisterTask today. And finally, if you’ve fallen out of love with Trello, here’s how you amicably split and join the streams of happy MeisterTaskers. Switch To MeisterTask Today!Take your productivity to the next level. Sign Up Its Free Sign Up Ditching Your Old Tool Is Easy - Focus On the market for a new project management tool but the thought of starting from scratch making your head hurt? Yes, the admin that goes into switching tools could be overwhelming. It could be likened to getting a new phone ten years ago. The dark ages with no cloud back-ups, losing your entire sms/email history and manually inputting all your contacts. Yes, manually! Bleugh. Nightmare. But what if we told you, we have a solution for that?   What’s the Alternative? The reason you’re probably reading this article in the first place is because you are not 100% satisfied. You like working with task management tools as you’ve seen real results and an overall increase in your team’s productivity. But there have been times when you thought to yourself, there has to be an easier way. The good news is that MeisterTask has made switching from Trello, Asana and Wunderlist as easy as possible with direct import options available for all three tools. The Most Important Things to Consider Reached the point when you’re assessing all options available to you? There are a few things that you need to bear in mind when making your final decision:   Your team works according to a specific workflow, so the tool that you choose has to be adaptable and customizable in order to fit in seamlessly. You’ve accumulated a lot of important information, data, attachments, and comments relevant to your projects’ outcome and you really don’t want to lose any of it. You’ve also put a lot of work into organizing your projects, adding tags, descriptions, checklists and due dates, so you’d prefer to migrate to a tool that takes this into account. And finally, you need a tool that you can start using right away. You can’t afford downtime, and ideally, your team needs to be onboarded as quickly as possible. Switching to MeisterTask You aren’t the only one who’s thought about jumping ship. While MeisterTask, Asana and Trello are similar in that they use the Kanban method, there are still many reasons why former users are flocking to MeisterTask, namely: 1. The Beautiful UI Many users new and old to task management appreciate MeisterTask’s sleek, minimalistic, beautiful design. At Meister, we believe that beautiful products make for an overall better user experience. What’s more, MeisterTask has focused on making the tool as intuitive and as easy to use as possible. You could try Meistertask. Really similar to Trello and Jira, just in a nicer looking package. â€" Adrian Spiegelt (@adrianspiegelt) March 26, 2019 Loving @Meistertask. Its basically a more beautiful Trello pic.twitter.com/40ht4vNeLt â€" Kaya Ismail (@KayaIsmail) March 13, 2017 #meistertask for #managing multiple #projects! almost like trello, but I find it easier the #interface easier to use. pic.twitter.com/UcUO87W7gy â€" Bemmygail Creative Studio (@bemmygail) July 13, 2017 2. Time Tracking MeisterTask, unlike a lot of other task management tools, has native, built-in time tracking. That means no other apps or integrations are needed. But just to be sure, we’ve also integrated with a few of the productivity world’s favorite time tracking tools, such as Toggl, Harvest, and PomoDone. This way, you always know exactly how long it took to complete a task. Im using MeisterTask. Its very similar to trello but I like that it can record the time spent (although I dont always keep track of it) â€" Mari (@marislvstr) June 21, 2017 iPad only decision 1 @meistertask wins out over Trello, integrated time tracking edges it. â€" The Old Designer (@TheOldDesigner) July 24, 2017 Switched to @meistertask this week on your recommendation André. Using the timer to track all my projects and then download to excel. So far, so chuffed! Thanks for the pointer ?? â€" Amy Boylan (@amyboylanwrites) April 4, 2018 MeisterTask’s time tracking is so great that it holds its own against other time-tracking-only tools: 8 Best Free Time-Tracking Software Options for Project Managers: https://t.co/gtHxhpC5mn Featuring: @AvazaHQ, @Clockify, @Freedcamp, @harvest, @Hubstaff, @meistertask, @timecamp and @toggl! pic.twitter.com/Un9oPSXySl â€" Capterra (@Capterra) August 9, 2019 If you don’t have a MeisterTask account yet, go to www.meistertask.com and sign up using your email address, Facebook, Google or Office 365 account. If you’re already a MindMeister user, you can also use your existing MindMeister login details. This will automatically connect your MindMeister and MeisterTask accounts. 3. Automations MeisterTask lets you easily automate steps in your workflow. For example: a task automatically completing after it’s been moved to the “Done” section shouldn’t involve you first learning techspeak, nor should it involve any other tools. These actions can be simply configured as an automation in MeisterTask. What I loved right away about MeisterTask were its automations. The ability to automate processes, rather than just visualizing them, is a huge plus compared to Trello.Axel Fischer, FiSCHER Akkumulatorentechnik 4. Integrations MeisterTask can be connected with more than 1,000 other apps via Zapier and offers powerful native integrations with all your favorite tools, such as Slack, Microsoft Teams, MindMeister and GitHub to name but a few. Want to turn emails into tasks without leaving your inbox? No problem with Spark. Have all relevant documents saved on Dropbox and need to attach them? No big deal. Working with Zendesk? So do we. Most importantly, MeisterTask integrates with its sister application, MindMeister, so your team’s brainstorms and project outlines can be exported into agile project boards. See our full list of integration partners here. Back to the Important Things   We mentioned earlier that there are a few important things that you should consider when searching for an alternative online task management tool, and here’s where MeisterTask comes in: Your team has a specific workflow that they work according to, easy peasy. MeisterTask allows you to customize your workflow to suit your own and your team’s requirements. No matter what you do, which department you work in, or the types of projects you work on â€" the options are endless. Use our standard workflow that practically anything can fit into (Open In Progress Done), or simply come up with your own. You’ve accumulated a lot of data and information over the course of your project which you’d ideally like to keep. Great news: You can! With MeisterTask’s direct import from Trello you can keep EVERYTHING. That means: boards (projects), lists (sections), cards (tasks), labels (tags), checklist items, due dates, attachments AND all comments. If you’re an Asana or Wunderlist user, we’ll get an import in the form of a CSV file of your project, sections, tasks, due date, notes and more. Keen to know more? Check out this help center article for details of your Asana import or this one, for details of your Wunderlist import. I moved all of my @trello projects to @meistertask and not a single tag, comment or item is missing. color me impressed. â€" Adrian Kosmaczewski (@akosma) January 9, 2017 Which brings us to our last point: Once you’ve imported your data into MeisterTask, you can pick up exactly where you left off. Adding the rest of your team takes only a few clicks, and if necessary, we offer great webinars and online tutorials to guide you through the set-up process. But rest assured, it’s really easy to use. Glad you liked it. I think it’s way better than Trello much simpler to get used to. Oh and thanks for sharing ?? â€" André Spiteri (@Andre_Spiteri) April 5, 2018 Currently using @meistertask. So much easier to use than @trello. â€" vozoto (@vozoto) March 3, 2016 So there you have it, all the reasons why you should switch to MeisterTask today. Coming from Asana? Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to import your Asana projects to MeisterTask. Are you a soon-to-be former Wunderlist user? Check out this blog article on how to get started with MeisterTask today. And finally, if you’ve fallen out of love with Trello, here’s how you amicably split and join the streams of happy MeisterTaskers. Switch To MeisterTask Today!Take your productivity to the next level. Sign Up Its Free Sign Up

A Twist on Homers Odyssey - 1175 Words

Dear Alexandra, O my lady, I miss so you. I know it has been years since I have seen you last, but I want you to know that my travels with the heroic Odysseus has gone terrible. I have done horrific things that I hope you can forgive. Everything was fine until our sail home from Troy, where we all acted like reckless fools and all hell broke loose. We have been cursed by the gods Zeus and Poseidon and now I’m afraid that this letter will be my last. On our way home to Ithaca, the winds blew us to the land of Ismarus. I was stored on wine, drunk, so drunk I can only remember the evil have done. Picking fights with the Cicones, raping innocent women, killing innocent men. I try to tell myself I was young, it wasn’t my fault and it was the vicious vine that made me do all those horrible things, but, deep down I knew what I had done was horrendous and ungodly as well as unforgivable. If only I had listen to wise Odysseus call. I believe it was ‘Back, and quickly! Out to sea again. But none of us warriors dared to listen. All we want to do is party and raid this poor city. As a result the god Zeus cursed us, our evil days punishing of group with the great lost of men. We fought out of pure anger fighting a battle that had not been need. That’s when things went good to bad. After losing dozen of men in the battle on Ismarus, we stopped out to a land of the Cyclops after the Poseidon broke up our ship. The warriors left were Odysseus, his second in command Eurylochus, my closeShow MoreRelatedOdysseus As The Epic Hero In Homers Odyssey1019 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus as the Epic Hero in Homer’s The Odyssey A style of work often explored in Greek literature is that of the epic. An expansive poem of a wide scope centered on and regarding the wondrous deeds of the main, heroic figure, on whose actions depend the fate of a nation. The definition of an epic can be used to describe The Odyssey by Homer. In The Odyssey we are introduced to our main character, Odysseus, the former king of Ithaca and a Trojan war hero who has been trapped on an Island by theRead MoreThe Odyssey And Trojan Women1684 Words   |  7 Pages HOMER AND EURIPIDES DEAL WITH THE SAME THEMES BUT IN DIFFERENT WAYS INTRO: Despite difference of around 400 years between them Greek poet Homer and tragedian playwright Euripides explore many of the same themes in their works the Odyssey and Trojan Women (written by each respectively). Both works are inspired by the events of 12th Century BCE Trojan War that Homer previously explored in the Iliad. The two examine the worth of cunning over brute strength, the dangers of temptation and the role ofRead MoreSimilarities Between Achilles And Odysseus1110 Words   |  5 PagesHeroics (A Comparison of Heroic Traits Displayed by Achilles and Odysseus in Homer’s, Iliad and Odyssey) Humanity has always strived for greatness, and is destined to continue this attempt till the world stops spinning. Through the art of storytelling, and literature, we have weaved images of what the ideal human should be. Countless works of literature depict such humans as â€Å"heroes†, due to the inspiration they stir within our imperfect souls. Truly epic heroes shape future stories, and remainRead MoreThe Penelopiad Analysis958 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel ‘The Odyssey’ . In an interview, Atwood explained her beliefs on the gender roles surround The Odyssey thus incorporating this as well as other materials into ‘The Penelopiad’ by stating: â€Å"There is an argument that has been made quite thoroughly that The Iliad and The Odyssey were written by two different people, and that the person who wrote The Odyssey was a woman.’ Atwood then carries on to explain her argument stating how several people have made the argument of how ‘The Odyssey’ was writtenRead MoreEssay about David Katan’s Translating Cultures1038 Words   |  5 Pagestoday there are many translations of ancient works and books, such as the Odyssey; and so, there is a wide range for people to choose from. This choice must be taken with the most care because some may be exceptionally good at communicating the essence of the original text while others may not have been done with precision or been well translated, or then do not recreate the effect of the originals. Amongst the most famous Odyssey translations, stand two particular works: those by Fagles and R. FitzgeraldRead MoreHomer s Odyssey : Power Of Cunning Over Strength910 Words   |  4 Pagessurroundings in order to craft an overall message or theme as a takeaway for their audience. Homer’s epic The Odyssey demonstrates this well. While Homer’s epi c depicts Odysseus as a strong and powerful king who has won many wars, it is not his strength that propels him to be able to return to his home. If one were to read between the lines, they would realize that one of Homer’s major themes in The Odyssey compares the power of cunning over strength. The theme unfolds throughout the narrative whenRead More Essay on Symbolism, Imagery and Diction in Homer’s Odyssey878 Words   |  4 Pages Symbolism, Imagery and Diction in Homer’s Odyssey nbsp; During the course of history, the world has seen many fine works of literature like Homer’s epic, Odyssey. This book is a standard against which to compare all literary novels. The symbolism permeates the pages drawing the reader into the intriguing plot that includes twists within the central theme. Also, the author intelligently uses imagery and diction painting dramatic images in the readers mind - building upon major the themesRead MoreComparing The Odyssey And O Brother Where Art Thou1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Odyssey†, one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, and â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou†, a 2000 a film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. At first thought you would not think the movie â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† and â€Å"The Odyssey† have anything in common. It is however, the modern film depiction of the troubles of a man during the depression and is molded by the ancient struggle s of Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey. â€Å"The Odyssey† is about a Greek warrior and isRead MoreSimilarities and Differences in the Aeneid and the Odyssey.1418 Words   |  6 PagesBoth the Odyssey and the Aeneid describe the journeys of the two Greek heroes –Odysseus and Aeneas, as they struggle towards their goal through the crises and deadly situations caused by the wrath of the gods upon them. In the Odyssey, we see that Poseidon (god of the sea/earth shaker) has a grudge against Odysseus while Athena, god of wisdom, aids him throughout his journey. Similarly in the Aeneid, we see that goddess Juno dislikes Aeneas as he is destined to destroy the city of Carthage lovedRead MoreAnalysis Of O Brother And The Odyssey 1707 Words   |  7 Pagesculture that has managed to endure the test of time is Homer’s The Odyssey, and epic poem telling of Odysseus, a warrior and a king, and his long and trying journey back to his home country(Fagles, 186). The evol ution of this epic can be seen as it gets interpreted and transferred into other forms of media, particularly film, which is one of the most prominent forms of media in the modern technological world. One popular adaptation of The Odyssey to film is the Academy Award nominated film O Brother

Social Services And The Social Work Field - 1365 Words

In this paper, I will be discussing of an organization that caters social services and contributes to the social work field. In addition, I will go in details where the organization is financed from and what is the mission of the organization. Moreover, I will discuss of the structure that the organizations conduct to accomplished their missions and explain the organization s different services provided under their organizations umbrella. Furthermore, I will discuss of the organization accountability to their services, overall impact, and the power in organization. Lastly, I will explanatory the workers role in the organizations and discuss of my overall experience referring to my future social work profession. To begin with, the organization I have chosen to discuss is Keystone Community Services located at 2000 Saint Anthony Avenue Saint Paul, MN 55104 along with multiple other locations. Keystone Community Services is a public organization that was established in 1939. When Keysto ne Community Services was first found it initial ambition was to be a neighborhood-based community in Saint Paul, Minnesota. As the growing organization expanded their services variety, funding sources was an important factor of the organization to ensure stability to keep providing great services. Keystone Community Services is financed by business partnership, private funding, grants, and donations. Business partnership funding sources are a great contribution to the organizations,Show MoreRelatedCareer As A Career Choice942 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Work is a profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being. I chose to seek a degree in this field because I find this to be a very rewarding career choice. To obtain a degree in a career that essentially makes a difference in people’s lives is extremely important to me. I have worked as a medical assistant for over 10 years, and although I love my job I would like to work closer with the people that I serveRead MoreSocial Work Reflection1338 Words   |  6 Pages What is self-reflection? According to Yip (2006), â€Å"social work students are encouraged to undergo self-reflection. It is a process of self-analysis, self-evaluation, self-dialogue, and self-observation. Under appropriate conditions, social workers’ self-reflection can be very constructive, resulting in self-enhancement. However, under inappropriate conditions, social workers’ self-reflection in reflective practice can be destructive and create problems forRead MoreSocial Work For The Medical Field1580 Words   |  7 PagesFor many years I have developed an interest in the medical field, in helping people who are at very crucial times in their lives. I have known that I do not want to pursue to be a doctor or a nurse, but rather a professional with in that field who can aid others and follow up on the responsibilities and make them priorities, just as much as doctors make the patients’ health their point of focus. I have also expressed interest in Child Welfare, which aligns very w ell with my personal experiences.Read MorePros and Cons of Different Fields in Social Work871 Words   |  4 PagesEarning my bachelor’s in human services will lead into my career in the field of social work. The field of social work is nothing new: Simon Patten coined the term social workers in 1900 (Robert 1995). Literature on aspects of the field, how to get involved in social work, and what type of work a social worker performs will be included in my research. For the purpose of this review, I will focus my research on current information, 2008 to current. The major theme of my research includes lookingRead MoreA Social Worker Coordinator On The United States920 Words   |  4 Pagesbehind the decision to become a certified Military Service Members, Veterans and Their Families – Advanced Social Worker (MVF-ASW). Even though this career does not involve being on the front lines, I can still provide direct services to the children of active duty service members as they navigate the extended deployments, frequent moves and strained familial relationships. Even though this particular credential is not mandatory to work as a youth services coordinator on a military base, it is recommendedRead MoreA Study On Child And Family Development Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesto the social work field with various different career opportunities (Child and Family Development | Academics | Western Michigan University, n.d.). The ultimate goal of obtaining this degree and working in the social work field is to help improve the quality of life of individuals and their families within a dynamic community. The profession of a Social Worker originated in the 19th century. With the demise of the feudalism, the rising level of poverty was seen as a menace to the social orderRead MoreThe Social Work Field Work Performance1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to CNN Money the social work field is the one of Americas most overworked and underpaid professions. Essentially, they work hard and do more with very little resources. When the Great Recession occurred in 2007 the tax revenue declined. States have made spending cuts, drained reserves, and reduce necessary services. Majority of the programs targeted was that of much need social workers and nurses. Usually in lower income areas where families are affected the most. How can weRead MoreSocial Workers : A Social Worker995 Words   |  4 Pages270,000 child, family, and school social workers; 142,000 healthcare social workers and 110,000 mental health and substance abuse social workers† (Social Services). When added together the total number of social workers in 2013 comes to 529,000. Because of this, many people have been positively affected by social workers. A social workers job is to help people solve and cope with their problems in everyday life (Bureau of Labor). A nyone considering becoming a social worker should consider the preparationRead MoreTruman W. Smith s Vision1256 Words   |  6 Pagesprovides medical care for children and adolescents with severe physical and intellectual impairment conditions. The TWSCCC provides 24-hour skilled nursing care, 24-hour Respiratory Therapy services, Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapy, Licensed On-site teachers, and a large variety of specialty care services (Truman W. Smith). The facility offers a viable and solicitous option for parents who are unable to take of their chronically ill children in their home, and for children who have been placedRead MoreThe Medical Social Worker Professional Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pages I interview Ms. Diameteria S. Damon. She is a medical social worker professional. I choose Diameteria because she works in the healthcare industry and she has great experience and knowledge. She has work experience in mental health services, hospice, and children and fami ly services. Diameteria has received a Certificate in North Carolina Child Welfare Collaborative from formal training in multi-systemic family therapy, as well as brief support therapy. Diameteria has an education and professional

Balance Sheet For Microsoft Corporation Accounting Essay Free Essays

Microsoft is the most outstanding engineering corporation in the universe that deals with computing machines, † With one-year grosss of more than $ 32 billion, Microsoft Corporation is more than the largest package company in the universe: it is a cultural phenomenon. The company ‘s nucleus concern is based on developing, fabrication, and licencing package merchandises, including runing systems, waiter applications, concern and consumer applications, and package development tools, every bit good as Internet package, engineerings, and services † . ( http: //www. We will write a custom essay sample on Balance Sheet For Microsoft Corporation Accounting Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/14/Microsoft-Corporation.htmlA A A A hypertext transfer protocol: //www.redciencia.cu/empres/Intempres2000/Sitio/Principal/Conferencias/CUBA_Inteligencia % 20Empresarial/victor/bcrc6.htm †The name of the celebrated individual – Bill Gates comes in one ‘s head with reference of the name of Microsoft. He is the laminitis of the company and is believed to be the smartest coders of all time. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/ ) . Led by him, Microsoft had witnessed its flowers and has been able to hold its merchandise on about every personal computing machine in the universe, and in the procedure making criterions in the engineering industry every bit good as market re-definition. †Gates was foremost exposed to computing machines at school in the late 60 ‘s with his friend Paul Allen. At 14 ; Gates and he ‘s friend were composing and proving computing machine plans. In 1972 they established their first company, Traf-O-Data, which sold a fundamental computing machine that, recorded and analyzed traffic informations. He ‘s friend went on to analyze computing machine scientific discipline at the University of Washington and so dropped out to work at Honeywell, while Gates enrolled at Harvard. In 1975, Gates and Allen wrote a version of BASIC for the new Altair personal computer kit merely released by MITS Computer. Later that twelvemonth Gates left college to work full clip developing programming linguistic communications for the Altair, and he and Allen relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be close MITS Computer, where Allen took a place as manager of package development. Gates and Allen named their partnership Micro-soft † . ( http: //www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ) . The word Microsoft was developed from two different words, micro from personal computer and soft from package. The name was registered in New Mexico in November 1976. On November 1978, the first international office of Microsoft was established in Japan and its name was ASCII ( American Standard Code for Information Interchange ) . It is now known as Microsoft Japan. In January 1979 the company ‘s central office was moved to Bellevue Washington. ( http: //www.bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/ ) . In the early 80 ‘s, Microsoft witnessed a period of great success when IBM contracted the company to develop an operating system for its personal computing machines ( Personal computer ) , which was underway. In the late 80 ‘s Microsoft issued IPOs ( initial public offering ) of over two million portions and in the infinite of one twelvemonth the monetary value or the portions tripled and in the procedure doing Gates a billionaire at about 30 old ages of age. Harmonizing to Richard B, McKenzie ( 2000 ) †Microsoft bases accused of seeking to widen its market laterality by bear downing the lowest of all monetary values for its browser Internet Explorer † . Nonetheless ; the company had tonss of other critics and legal instances against it from rivals and the likes. Microsoft success was further heightened by the tech bubble of the 2000 following the release of the Windowss XP, windows 2000, the acquisition of Visio corporation which stood as the largest acquisition in the life of Microsoft so far with dealing value of about One and half a billion dollars. The company besides spread its tentacles into the universe of bet oning with their popularly known X-BOX which has remained a success boulder clay day of the month. ( http: //www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ) . DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE OVERTIME Cardinal Dates: 1975: Microsoft is founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen ; they sell BASIC, the first Personal computer computing machine linguistic communication plan to MITS Computer, Microsoft ‘s first client. 1981: Microsoft, Inc. is incorporated ; IBM uses Microsoft ‘s 16-bit operating system for its first personal computing machine. 1982: Microsoft, U.K. , Ltd. is incorporated. 1983: Paul Allen resigns as executive vice-president but remains on the board ; Jon Shirley is made president of Microsoft ( he subsequently becomes CEO ) ; Microsoft introduces the Microsoft Mouse and Word for MS-DOS 1.00. 1985: Microsoft and IBM forge a joint development understanding. 1986: Microsoft stock goes public at $ 21 per portion. 1987: The Company ‘s first CD-ROM application, Microsoft Bookshelf, is released. 1990: Jon Shirley retires as president and CEO ; Michael R. Hallman is promoted in Shirley ‘s topographic point ; the company becomes the first Personal computer package house to excel $ 1 billion of gross revenues in a individual twelvemonth. 1992: Bill Gates is awarded the National Medal of Technology for Technological Achievement. 1993: The Company introduces Windows NT. 1995: Bill Gates publishes his first book, The Road Ahead. 1996: The Company acquires Vermeer Technologies and its package application, FrontPage. 1997: The Justice Department alleges that Microsoft violated a 1994 consent edict refering licencing the Windows runing system to computing machine makers. 1998: The U.S. Department of Justice files two antimonopoly instances against Microsoft, avering the company had violated the Sherman Act. 2000: The Company acquires Visio Corporation, its largest acquisition to day of the month. 2001: Microsoft Windows XP is released internationally. 2003: Microsoft launches Windows Server 2003. 2007: Microsoft launches Windows view 2009: Microsoft launches windows 7 Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html Balance sheet for Microsoft Corporation as at 30th June 2010. ( Annually ) Assetss [ + ] in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Cash and Equivalents 5,505 6,076 10,339 6,111 6,714 Restrictable Cash – – – – – Marketable Securities 31,283 25,371 13,323 17,300 27,447 Histories Receivable 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Loans Receivable – – – – – Other Receivables – – – – – Receivabless 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Inventories, Raw Materials 172 170 417 435 465 Inventories, Work in Progress 16 45 31 148 – Inventories, Purchased Components – – – – – Inventories, Finished Goods 552 502 537 544 1,013 Inventories, Other – – – – – Inventories, Adjustments A ; Allowances – – – – – Inventories 740 717 985 1,127 1,478 Prepaid Expenses – – – – – Current Deferred Income Taxes 2,184 2,213 2,017 1,899 1,940 Other Current Assetss 2,950 3,711 2,989 2,393 2,115 Entire Current Assets 55,676 49,280 43,242 40,168 49,010 Land and Improvements 526 526 518 428 362 Buildings and Improvement 8,187 7,824 6,030 4,247 3,146 Machinery, Furniture and Equipment 7,546 6,732 5,996 4,691 3,715 Construction in Advancement – – – – – Fixed Assets, Other – – – – – Fixed Assets, Entire 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Gross Fixed Assetss 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Accumulated Depreciation ( 8,629 ) ( 7,547 ) ( 6,302 ) ( 5,016 ) ( 4,179 ) Net Fixed Assetss 7,630 7,535 6,242 4,350 3,044 Intangibles 1,158 1,759 1,973 878 539 Cost in Excess 12,394 12,503 12,108 4,760 3,866 Non-Current Deferred Income Taxes – 279 949 1,389 2,611 Other Non-Current Assetss 9,255 6,532 8,279 11,626 10,527 Entire Non-Current Assetss 30,437 28,608 29,551 23,003 20,587 Entire Assetss 86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69,597 Liabilitiess [ + ] in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Histories Collectible 4,207 5,008 4,034 3,247 2,909 Short Term Debt 1,000 2,000 – – – Notes Collectible – – – – – Accrued Expenses – – – – – Accrued Liabilitiess 3,283 3,156 2,934 2,325 1,938 Deferred Grosss 13,652 13,003 13,397 10,779 9,138 Current Deferred Income Taxes – – – – 1,557 Other Current Liabilitiess 4,005 3,867 9,521 7,403 6,900 Entire Current Liabilitiess 26,147 27,034 29,886 23,754 22,442 Long Term Debt 4,939 3,746 – – – Deferred Income Tax 229 – – – – Other Non-Current Liabilitiess 8,623 7,550 6,621 8,320 7,051 Minority Interest – – – – – Capital Lease Obligations – – – – – Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust – – – – – Preferred Equity Outside Shareholders ‘ Equity – – – – – Entire Non-Current Liabilitiess 13,791 11,296 6,621 8,320 7,051 Entire Liabilitiess 39,938 38,330 36,507 32,074 29,493 Preferred Shareholder ‘s Equity – – – – – Common Shareholder ‘s Equity 46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Common Par 62,856 62,382 62,849 – – Additional Paid in Capital – – – 60,557 59,005 Accumulative Translation Adjustments – – – 149 – Retained Net incomes ( 16,681 ) ( 22,824 ) ( 26,563 ) ( 31,114 ) ( 20,130 ) Treasury Stock – – – – – Other Equity Adjustments – – – 1,505 1,229 Entire Capitalization 51,114 43,304 36,286 31,097 40,104 Entire Equity 46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Entire Liabilities A ; Shareholder ‘s Equity 86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69 Closing monetary value = $ 25.51 Volume sold =25.16m Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/main/dsdata? dsid=2940 A ; templateid=0 A ; cid=27590212 A ; qm_page=30703. [ Accessed, 4 April 2011 ] . The balance sheet above gives a brief sum-up of the plus and liabilities of Microsoft at a glimpse, it is evident that Microsoft has been able to keep plus at a greater proportion than liabilities overtime. The company has a good mix of debt and equity, for every $ 1 owned it is borrowing less than 90 cents. This shows that the company is non excessively leveraged and less hazardous while besides basking some degree of revenue enhancement shield from the purchase. Microsoft has a good opportunity of go oning into a traveling concern in the nearest foreseeable hereafter because its capital construction shows more of a residuary ownership. With more descriptive statistics, we can besides analyze the public presentation of Microsoft on a monthly footing from the twelvemonth 1988- 2009 utilizing returns ( unit % ) See excel for descriptive statistics. Microsoft return ( unit % ) Market return ( unit % ) Mean 0.021622876 Mean 0.857870722 Standard Error 0.00618845 Standard Error 0.269942879 Median 0.022084196 Median 1.41 Manner 0.064221396 Manner 1.78 Standard Deviation 0.100359793 Standard Deviation 4.377737838 Sample Variance 0.010072088 Sample Variance 19.16458858 Kurtosis 1.421423202 Kurtosis 1.709578314 Lopsidedness 0.366537791 Lopsidedness -0.812673531 Scope 0.751310392 Scope 29.51 Minimum -0.343529412 Minimum -18.46 Maximum 0.40778098 Maximum 11.05 Sum 5.686816298 Sum 225.62 Count 263 Count 263 From the descriptive statistics above, Microsoft has a positive lopsidedness unlike the market whose lopsidedness is negative, this indicates that Microsoft has a better flow or return than the market. It could besides be noted that Microsoft is ( 1 ) criterion divergence off from its average whereas the market is ( 4 ) criterion divergence off from its mean, this means that the returns of Microsoft had non been excessively volatile over the old ages and return on stocks are less hazardous. COMPARISON OF MOCROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH S A ; P 500 ( MARKET ) USING T-TEST See t-test on Excel H0: Microsoft did non surpass the market H1: Microsoft outperformed the market t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means A Variable 1 Variable 2 Mean 0.021622876 0.857870722 Discrepancy 0.010072088 19.16458858 Observations 263 263 Pearson Correlation 0.539530773 Hypothesized Average Difference 0 df 262 T Stat -3.136067434 P ( T lt ; =t ) one-tail 0.000953757 t Critical one-tail 1.650690284 P ( T lt ; =t ) two-tail 0.001907515 t Critical two-tail 1.969059657 A Decision: From the t-Test above, since the t-stats is greater in value than the t -critical ( irrespective of the -ve mark ) , we need to accept the alternate hypothesis ( H1 ) which says that Microsoft outperformed the market and reject the Null hypothesis ( H0 ) which says that Microsoft did non surpass the market. We can besides deduce this decision by looking at the P- value, here we can see that the p- value is less than the significance degree of.05, therefore we need to accept the alternate hypothesis ( H1 ) . Analysis OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH CAPM Arrested development Statisticss Multiple R 0.258985259 R Square 0.067073365 Adjusted R Square 0.063498933 Standard Error 0.185690508 Observations 263 Analysis of variance A df United states secret service Multiple sclerosis F Significance F Arrested development 1 0.647027164 0.647027164 18.764764 2.11102E-05 Residual 261 8.999531777 0.034480965 Entire 262 9.646558942 A A A A Coefficients Standard Error T Stat P-value Lower 95 % Upper 95 % Lower 95.0 % Upper 95.0 % Intercept -0.32415329 0.011530623 -28.1123831 6.17385E-81 -0.346858177 -0.30145 -0.34686 -0.30145 X Variable 1 0.011371441 0.002625088 4.331831484 2.11102E-05 0.006202393 0.01654 0.006202 0.01654 CAPM: – Tocopherol ( R ) =RF+I? [ RM-RF ] By replacing the CAPM expression into the arrested development, we have Y= I ±+I?x+e Y = dependant variable I ± = intercept I? = co-efficient of independent variable vitamin E =error When x=0, I ± is an estimation of Y, so extra return of Microsoft would be given as: Excess return= -0.32415329+0.011371441+0.185690508 Adjusted R Square = 0.063498933 The adjusted R Square indicates that 6.3 % of the variableness in the extra return of Microsoft is explained by the market. I.e. for every per centum alteration of return in the market, Microsoft ‘s return alterations by 6.3 % . Decision Microsoft How to cite Balance Sheet For Microsoft Corporation Accounting Essay, Essay examples

Nuke The Bastards! A Satire Essay Example For Students

Nuke The Bastards! A Satire Essay NUKE THE BASTARDS!A SATIREThe decision to drop the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was perhaps the greatest American achievement since the defeat of the Native Americans and their containment in reservations. Not only did it swiftly end the war but it showed the Russians who held the upper hand. It also paved the way for the Cold War, which increased America’s war machine to the unparalleled level it’s at today, as well as numerous memorable events such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. There was simply no other way to win without dropping the bombs. It was evident at the time that the only way to end the war quickly, as well as establish an advantage over the Russians, was to eliminate only about 300,000 Japanese people in a spectacular demonstration of American military power. Demonstrating the nuclear weapon to the Japanese with a â€Å"surrender or this will happen to you† type of ultimatum would have done nothing but made the Japanese fight harder and longer, causing hundreds of thousands of American deaths. The American military forces were at the end of their tethers, so invasion would have been impossible without significant loss of life. Through the years of island hopping and fighting the fortified Japanese forces, the Americans knew that the Japanese fought to the last man. In the months prior to the atomic bombings, Japanese civilians were being trained with basic weaponry and hustled into the military, ready to ward of invasion to protect their e mperor. Without demonstrating with a firm hand what was demanded by â€Å"unconditional surrender,† the Japanese would never have given up. When faced with total destruction, they chose to lay down their arms and allowed a peaceful invasion to take place. Since then, Japan has grown as one of the leading technological countries in the world. As for the civilians killed and the controversies that have gone on through the years as a result of their deaths, it was a demonstration. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the chosen targets mainly because of their military targets and for the geography. Scientists at the time did not know the full range of the atomic blast, and the tall mountains that mostly surrounded the two cities provided a way to contain the nuclear explosion. The number of civilians killed by the atomic blasts is greatly outnumbered by the total number of American and Japanese combined casualties that would have resulted from an American military invasion of Japan. The Russians at the same time were experimenting with nuclear technology. They had not yet figured out how to make the atomic bombs. When they witnessed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they knew that America had won the atomic arms race. When President Truman learned that the atomic bomb had been successfully tested he dealt with the Russians firmly and aggressi vely during the negotiating between leaders of both countries. Prime Minister Winston Churchill stated, â€Å"He told the Russians just where they got off and generally bossed the whole meeting.† Essentially this sparked many significant cultural events, most notably the Cold War and the Korean War, in which the United States has come out victorious. One could say that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have sparked events that have led to America being the most powerful country in the world. Without using nuclear weapons, America would not have made it out of World War II and come out on top. The Japanese were an enemy that would never cease fighting, and the Russians were a threat lingering in the background. It was a definite landmark in the history of the United States military as well as technological branches. In order to save millions of people from potentially years of fighting, the bombs were dropped and history ran its course. Creative Writing

Blessed Are Those Who Believe in the Lord Catholic Charities, Investigated and Analyzed

The kaibab essay Essays

The kaibab essay Essays The kaibab essay Essay The kaibab essay Essay Ivan espinoza Biology October 28, 2013 Kaibab and wolf problem The Yosemite national park has a problem with over grazing of kaibab in the park and will cause over population and starvation and what the Grand Canyon national preserve game started to release wolfs into the park but near by farmers are out raged, because these wolves are killing their live stock. The farmers want the government to allow them to protect themselves from the wolves but the wolves are endangered species this will kill of this species for ever. With this reasons these could help this problem. one way to stop this is by forming a law on it being illegal to kill wolves. By this would prevent farmers from killing and being fined for doing so for example if a farmer where to kill one he will be fined a large price for killing the animal. Second way is by moving the wolf population away from farms and far away. By this if their still close to the kaibab but away from the farmers livestock will keep both sides happy. Third way is by adding hunters to kill of kaibab lowering the population. For this will make no need for wolves keeping them away from the livestock and both the over population problem and the killing of livestock will be solved. For these solutions it is possible to make both parties happy. By making a federal law against killing wolves, moving the wolves away from livestock somewhere farther but close to kaibab, and hiring hunters to kill kaibab so they dont require wolves to do it. These are all the solutions possible that the park could use to help these to problems.

Research Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Defense - Essay Example This self induced greed would also increase our emotional detachment from the world just as the threat of nuclear weapons had done. 2. What ideas and theories did the frames provide that were a basis for your own argument Why did you choose these particular sources Explain each of your frames in detail and explain why they were used. The Ronald Reagan quotes provided a foundation for the theory that excessive spending was a political tactic and was encouraged by the government. The Federation for American Scientists (2007) were the basis for the contention that the Cold War was being pursued with the same sense of avarice and spending that was being taken in the private lives of Americans. Capra tied in the influence that technology has had on our spending habits that resulted in enormous personal desires for technology as well as the scientists' spending on advanced weapons systems. Kotkin (2003) and Reuveny & Prakash (1999) advanced the theory that the Cold War's advancement of Capitalism was affecting the Soviet's standard of living by negatively impacting their own spending patterns. They were spending more and enduring the hardships that came with it. The government exploited these small successes in the Cold War through more government excess and increased technology. 3. What frames provided counterpoints and varying perspectives for your paper Why did you choose those Again, explain in detail. The article titled "Generation X" (2007), which appeared in the Tallahassee Democrat on November 7, 1993, and was reprinted in the Atlanta Constitution, Charlotte Observer, Houston Chronicle, and Miami Herald, contends that the Gen-Xers were opposed to the massive debt left behind by the Cold War years. This generation grew up during, or was born, in the Reagan era. However, even though they were complaining, they were caught in the same trap of excessive greed that their elders had been. Though many would criticize the capitalistic approach and deficit spending, the criticism was often shallow and unfounded. 4. What did you argue in your paper Why did you argue that How did you use your sources to develop and support that argument The paper argued the technology and the threat of nuclear war had isolated the American public both emotionally and physically. In this isolation, self-gratification was allowed to flourish, and may have been the only satisfaction available. The fruits of capitalism could be explored to a great degree and there would be no personal responsibility taken for its outcome. It allowed for no outside moral guidance and values were quickly discarded. The surface rewards of economics were the only satisfaction available in the world of emotional isolation. They only furthered a sense of inadequacy that was brought on by what we could not have, not by what we had. This was evidenced by the envy of the Soviets for Western material goods. 5. If you had to pick one flaw in your work with the research paper, what is it and why did it occur One flaw in the paper is the failure to adequately pursue the aspect of the emotional isolation and its effect on over-consumption through the research of academic psychologists. This isolation that was driven by fear and enabled by

Management Reprot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Management Reprot - Essay Example However, there are some factors that limit threats from new entrants. Some of these factors include consumer loyalty, initial capital requirements, scarcity of the available resources and many others. This refers to the influence that suppliers have on a business. If a single supplier can have eminent influence to affect a firm’s margins and volumes, then the supplier bears significant power and the vice versa. Some reasons why a supply can have power include; lack of close substitutes, limited suppliers in the market, the value of the product to buyers among other reasons. This refers to the influence of consumers to a firm. If one consumer possesses sufficient power to alter the margins of a company, they hold a commanding power. Some of the reasons why consumers might have power includes; availability of information to buyers, limited buyers in the market and the amount purchased among others. Availability of close substitutes is a real challenge to a firm. Some of the factors that affect the threat of substitutes include; buyer preference to substitutes, switching costs, technological changes and many

Seraikela Chhau And Purulia Chhau Drama Essay

Seraikela Chhau And Purulia Chhau Drama Essay India is a country with a rich range of various cultures and traditions. Each part of India has different ways to preserve those cultures traditions such as folk and classical dances. Folk and classical dances play a big role in the Indian culture as a way of communication. One of the dance-drama folk art that is performed in India is the Chhau dance-drama of Eastern India. There are three types of Chhau dance-dramas but this essay will focus on only two types: the Seraikela of Bihar and the Purulia of West Bengal. Both Chhau styles are masked dance-drama forms that are unique. To understand the significance of this folk art for the Indian community, it is important to first understand the elements and the origins of the Chhau. The Chhau is very significant to the Indian culture because it is both a religious and mythological practise that has been passed on thought many generations. Not only is the Chhau dance-drama used for festive celebrations but is also used as a way to communic ate moral message by the portrayal of stories from the Indian mythology. The portrayal of stories is where the theatrical aspect comes in the picture. The Chhau characters are mute so therefore, movements and masks are used instead of dialogues to show certain emotions and feelings to bring the story forwards. The study of the origins, history, costumes, music, staging, music and performers brings to the conclusion that indeed, the Chhau dance-drama is a folk art that is very significant to the Indian culture and the Indian people. 1) Introduction- Folk dances in India India is one of the very few countries in the world to possess a rich range of different cultures and traditions. Each and every region of India has a unique culture that has passed through many generations for centuries. What I find really interesting about India is that they have well preserved their cultures and that even today, they are still practising certain traditions compared to other countries that have lost their cultures by evolving into a more modernized civilisation. Cultures and tradition can be passed on through generations by many ways like paintings, written scripts, music, theatre and dance. Folk dances and folk theatre play a big role in the Indian culture as they are art forms that are a very efficient way of expression to the community. Folk dance is an art used to convey the local culture, legends, myths and religious beliefs of a specific region and as India has many different cultures, the folk dances vary from one region to another. Indian folk dances are th e products of a variation of socio-economic classes in India. They are usually performed by ordinary people rather than professional dancers in small towns or villages where people gather together to celebrate special occasions such as harvesting, marriages, religious holidays, festivals, birth of a child etc Since in India all those festivities are celebrated quite often if its not every day, folk dances have become an essential part for the Indian culture. Some folk dances which are performed in India also incorporate theatre in their dances. Those dance-drama forms are a rural extension of the ancient theatrical tradition found in the Nathya Shastra . The Nathya Shastra is known as the oldest surviving text on stagecraft in the world written by Bharata Muni between 200 AD and 200 BC. The Nathya Shastra covers stage-design, music, dance, and makeup which are important components for the folk dances in India and also for musicians as it is the only text that provides details about the music and instruments used in that period. One of the folk dance-drama forms that has survived past several centuries and that is still being performed today despite the movement of modernization is the Chhau of Eastern India. The word Chhau is believed by certain people to come from the Sanskrit root Chhaya meaning shadow and since masks forms an important feature of this dance, it is thence called Chhau, which means mask. Among other dance-drama traditio ns in India like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali and a few more, Chhau is a rare and unique colourful masked dance-drama form. There are three types of Chhau named after their geographical locations; the Seraikela of Bihar, the Purulia of West Bengal and the Mayurbhanj of Orissa (Figure 1). This Essay will focus on the elements and the origins of the dance-drama form of Seraikela Chhau and Purulia Chhau and to what extent they are significant to the Indian Culture as a folk art. Why did I choose this rare form of dance-drama among others? Simply because I thought that my temporary stay in India would be the perfect occasion to discover a totally new and unknown form of art for me that is directly related to the Indian culture. Since I am a theatre student, I think that exploring a rare form of art is an excellent way to broaden my knowledge of theatre through different cultures. I chose to write an in-depth essay about the Chhau dance-drama of Eastern India among many others also because I find the Chhau very interesting in the way it combines dance and theatre together to tell a specific story or mythology by using rhythms, movements and masks instead of dialogues like most of the theatrical forms use. Figure 1: The orange shaded area of this political map of India represents the Eastern part of India where the three types of Chhau dance-drama originated from. 2) The history and origins of Chhau: The origins of the Chhau dance-drama are still not certain as is the origin of the word Chhau. The dance is known as Seraikela Chhau in Jharkhand, Mayurbhanj Chhau in Orissa and Purulia Chhau in West Bengal. If we look at the basic differences between the three different styles of Chhau, the Chhau dancers of Purulia wear highly stylized masks, in Seraikela the masks are smaller, while in Mayurbhanj the dancers do not always use masks. The word Chhau is interpreted in different ways by different quarters and persons. Most of the people say that the word Chhau arises from the Sanskrit root Chhaya which means shadow and that the art originated in West Bengal. On the other hand, some people disagree and think that it had arisen from the word Chauni which means camp for soldiers and that it originated from the state of Orissa. The reason being the hypothesis that the word chhau derived from the word Chauni is that the Chhau originated in the mock fights of the Oriya paikas (warriors) who fought rhythmically to the accompaniment of indigenous music instrument . Chhau dance is then believed to have originated as a martial art that contains vigorous fight and acrobatic movements. Since the period of time the Chhau started to be performed, many of the main rulers of the region of Orissa worked for the development and conservation of the art. The Chhau is a dance-drama performed only by men. The Chhau dance-drama barely evolved and today follows the basic principles of the Natya Shastra text and has become closely connected to religion. For several centuries, the Chhau dances have been used in association with the religious festival Chaitra Parva also known as the Sun Festival which is celebrated every year starting from the Chaitra month of the Hindu calendar which is around March-April in the Gregorian calendar. During this time of the year, the different social and economical classes used to come together, from the royal family to the local farmers, to celebrate the C haitra Parva. India is a country where religion takes an important part among the lives of the people. The aim of the Chhau dancers is to worship different Gods and Goddesses like for example Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati for the goal of acting to call for their blessings to stay protected from evils. Besides being performed for religious purposes, the Chhau dance-dramas are also mythological as they are mainly based on the episodic epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. The Hindu mythology consists of stories of Gods, Devas and Asuras. In Hinduism, Deva is the Sanskrit word for a God or a supernatural being, normally resident in one of the numerous heavens and reborn there as the result of good karma. The Asuras are a group of power-seeking deities who are sometimes referred to as demons or sinful souls and are opposed to the Devas. Basically, there is a confrontation between the good and the bad and this confrontation is portrayed by characters in the Chhau dance-drama. However, with pa ssing of time the dance-drama started being used for many other occasions and celebrations through the year in the different states. 3) Masks and Costumes: a. Masks: Characters from the Indian mythology such as Lord Shiva or Ganesh are mythological and therefore, superior to the human being. It was not easy playing such characters using only the human facial expressions and features and that is the reason why in the early periods, different shapes and symbols were used as facial painting or body painting by the dancers to emphasize the characteristics of the different mythological characters .The practise of covering the face and the body with painting gradually gave birth to masks and bright coloured costumes in the dance performances to personify the God and Goddesses of the Hindu mythology. The mask is made not to hide or to conceal, but to expose. As an instrument of metamorphoses, the mask permits man to lose his identity, and allows the gods to manifest themselves with an uncovered face. To mask oneself is to give life to a superior being Masks have been used for many centuries throughout the world for both ritual purposes and traditional theatres especially for the expressivity they add in a characters performance. Masks are often used in folk arts because they are a part of a costume that adorns the whole body and embodies a tradition important to the religious and/or social life of the community. Unfortunately, I was not able to watch an actual Chhau dance-drama performance but I got to experience I quite similar style of dance during my trip in the island of Bali in Indonesia. As the community from Bali follow the Hindu religion, they have mythological stories resembling the Indian ones. The performance Ive seen in Bali was a dance-drama style of performance as the characters were telling a story using dance, movements and gestures to act a story. The dance-drama constituted five acts telling a story using the good ones and the evil ones which is till now very similar to the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics. In the Balinese dance-drama, the characters were wearing masks as well but not all of them compared to the Chhau dancers of Purulia and Seraikela where it is compulsory for all the characters to wear masks. In the Balinese dance-drama, only the superior characters wore masks to express their power and their high status while the other characters were only covered with colourful full-face makeup. As a member of the audience, I can say that the masks helped a lot in creating an epic style of atmosphere on the stage and also in creating a connexion between the characters and the audience which is the reason why I think that masks are used by all the characters in the Chhau dance-drama. The performance that I have seen in Bali helped me a lot in understanding the purposes of the use of masks in the Chhau dance-drama as the Balinese dance is performed for religious and mythical purposes as well. Figure 2 shows an image of the characters in the Balinese dance taken during a performance while Fig ure 3 shows the characters of the Chhau dance-drama. The similarities in the masks used to portray superior beings can be noticed between both dance-drama forms. Even though both forms use masks, the masks are different in the way they are made and the way they look. Figure 2: Masks in the Balinese style of dance-drama. Figure 3: Masks in Chhau dance-drama of Eastern India The Chhau dance-drama enters in the category of poor theatre as all the materials, costumes, masks and accessories are made out of small expenses. . The Chhau masks are made with low priced ingredients such as river soil, newspapers, thin pieces of clothe, little bit of lime and paint. The facial masks are mostly manufactured by the artisans of the villages of the regions of West Bengal or Jharkhand as the Seraikella and the Purulia are the only styles of Chhau that uses masks as a compulsory part of their costumes in their performances. In Seraikela for example, the craft of mask making is an art that is handed down from father to son through many generations. The techniques and the fundamental nature of the Seraikela and Purulia Chhau dance-drama are based on the use of masks. Not only does it add beauty, color and life to the dance but it also evokes bhava (mood) and rasa (aesthetic sentiments) in the audience. Masks have a big role to play in the relationship between the performe r and the audience. In Chhau, every performer has specific masks according to their characters. The Gods and Goddesses usually wear small pieces of decorative glittering materials in the facial masks accompanied with feathers and jewels while the evils or demons like the characters Ravana or Mahishasura wear grotesque masks. The masks used in the Chhau dance-drama are also used to interpret expressions. As the Chhau dance-drama is a speechless form of performance, the expressions given by the masks becomes essential. As the use of masks eliminate any form of facial expressions, the Chhau dancers use head gestures and neck movements to express any sort of feelings or emotions. I think it is really interesting how the portrayal of a story can be done using only body language and masks instead of spoken language and facial expressions. From a theatrical point of view, it is not common and that is what forms the uniqueness of the Chhau dance-drama in the world. The figures 4, 5 and 6 be llow illustrates example of Chhau masks used for different characters. Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 b. Costumes: Like the masks, the costumes are made out of inexpensive local materials. The costumes that the Chhau performers used at the time the dance-drama started being performed are not known so therefore, we cannot tell if the costumes they are using today have evolved or stayed the same since the early years of the performances. Today, the costumes that are used in the Chhau performances are from various bright colors and designs as it is a performance that is supposed to evoke joy during festive periods. The costumes for the lower part of the body differ for the performers playing the Gods and the ones playing the demons. The artists that play the Gods (Devas) characters usually wear pajamas of light colors like green, yellow or red or a mixture of colors to make the characters look more attractive and alive; whereas those playing the role of the demons (Asuras) wear loose trousers of darker and deeper colors such as black. The costumes for the upper part of the body are made out of vario us designs and are as attractive and colourful as the costumes of the lower part of the body. For the performers that play characters such as animals or birds, suitable types of masks and costumes are used to portray the specific types of animals or birds. For example the character of Lord Shiva will be displayed by a tiger skin costume and his son Ganesh with a dhoti (Figure 7). The costumes also consist of many jewelleries and anything that look extravagant as those costumes are supposed to portray inexistent mythological characters. Figure 7: Dhoti Figure 8: Colourful costumes used in Chhau. 4 ) Music and staging: Staging: As the Chhau dance-drama is performed on festive occasions with a gathering together of a whole village community, there is no raised platform or dais being settled down for the performance. With the aim of keeping the traditionalism of the event, the Chhau dance-drama usually takes place in an open air ground where the spectators are divided into sections of women and men and sit in a circle surrounding the area where the Chhau is performed. The stage used for the Chhau performances is decorated in a colourful and joyful style to create a festive atmosphere among the villagers and is usually lit by torches or oil lamps that serve as lighting which once again are made to adhere to the traditionalism of the event. The staging of the Chhau is organized in a style that encourages people from any social or economical class to gather together and celebrate. The fact that the Chhau dance-drama remains a local and traditional event after so many years is fascinating to me as many other danc e or theatrical forms evolved to become more of an entertainment or money based purpose practise than a traditional one. It is very interesting how the Chhau is staged in a way to form a joyful atmosphere in a folk environment. Music: Like other ritual dances, the music accompaniment is a really important part for Chhau. The music style and the rhythm produced by the accompanying instruments are one of the key factors that characterize the uniqueness of the Chhau dance-drama. As the Chhau dancer is mute, the music and the lines sung by the orchestra are really important to introduce the performance. They create the right kind of mood and atmosphere for the scene to be enacted. The most important instrument accompanying the Chhau performances is the use of drum. The two main kinds of drums that are used in the Chhau performances are the Dhol ( Figure 9) and Dhamsa (Figure 10) which are played by local drummers of the area who also dance as they play. As for the tradition, the drummers themselves make the instruments and the tones used for the Chhau dance-drama based on the Hindustani Ragas wish is a Hindustani classical music concept. Ragas have a particular scale and specific melodic movements; their sound should bring delight and be pleasing to the ear. Reed pipes such as Shehnai (Figure 11) are also used by the orchestra along with the drums. The drum beats are important in the Chhau performances because they are used in the beginning of the dance-drama as an invocation to Lord Ganesha sung by a singer from the orchestra. As soon as the invocation to lord Ganesha is over, the drummers and musicians walk in to create an environment prior to the dance before the Lord Ganesha makes his entry followed by the other characters. Figure 9 : Dhol Figure 10: Dhamsa Figure 11: Shehnai 5) Performers and techniques: Even though the Chhau dance-drama is a folk form of dance, it also includes some elements from the classical form of dance of India like the navarasas. The navaras are basically nine emotions that are used in the Indian classical dances and dramas to make both the dancers/actors and the audience appreciate the meaning of the lyrics and the movements that are being portrayed by. The nine rasas goes as follows: hasya (happiness), krodha (anger), bhibasta (disgust), bhayanaka (fear), shoka (sorrow), veera (courage), karuna (compassion), adbhuta (wonder) and shanta (serenity). These nine emotions have been mentioned in Nathya Shastra and all dance and theatrical forms in India use these emotions extensively. As there are no spoken dialogues in most of the Indian dances including the Chhau, the navarasas are usually portrayed by using the eyes, the face, the muscles and the body shifts as a whole. In the case of Purulia and Sereikela Chhau, the movements of the eyes and the face are not possible as it is compulsory for all the characters to wear masks so the focus is on the body movements more than anything else to portray the nine different rasas. Since the Chhau dance-drama evolved from martial arts, the movements are very specific and important. The mask movements usually show anger while the shoulder and chest movements show joy, depression or courage depending on the way the dancer portrays it. The movements of the lower part of the body of the Chhau dancers are very quick and strong while the upper part of the body barely moves and the head rests in a slanted position. Jumping in the air is a movement that is often used in the Chhau performances because they serve as a gesture of at tack in war scenes between the good ones and the evil ones. The kind of jump seen in the Chhau performances is known as ulfa which is an indicator of the physical power and acrobatic skills of the performers. As we can see, the body language plays an essential role in the folk dance-drama Chhau. In relation to the theory of knowledge, Chhau is very interesting in the way that it uses body language as a way to communicate with people. 6) Interview with Chhau master Chandi Mahato: Chhau dance-drama is a very rare and not commonly known form of folk art. Published books and web sources are not enough to properly study this art form in depth and therefore, I thought that an interview with an actual Chhau dance master would be ideal and effective to pursuit my exploration on the topic. As I live in Bangalore, a city in the state of Karnataka in the south part of India, a face to face interview was not possible so I sort this problem out by having a telephonic interview with the Chhau master Chandi Mahato. Chandi Mahato is a middle aged Chhau master residing in the remote village named Baghmundi in the Purulia district of West Bengal. He comes from a long lineage of Chhau dancers and teachers and has trained a lot of modern Chhau dancers including his son Lalit Mahato. An otherwise almost illiterate person, Chandi Mahato has learned a lot from his experience with Chhau dancing and at 67 years old, Mahato has performed in all major cities in India several times. Ma hato is a farmer for most part of the year but he also engages himself in training theatre troupes in India working with the methods propounded by Jerzy Grotowsky. After asking Mahato nine questions about his experience with Chhau and the Chhau art in general, I felt more enlightened about the Chhau dance-drama form. The answers I got from Mahato are very interesting (See Appendix 1). Like most of the Chhau practitioners, Mahato learned Chaau from his father Gurupada Mahato who also learned it from his father and Mahato also taught it to his son Lalit Mahato which confirms that the Chhau is a tradition transmitted from father to son through many generations. Chhau is usually learned form a young age because when one grows older, the flexibility of the body becomes weaker. Mahatos training techniques are very specific and challenging because dancing and acting using acrobatics is certainly not easy. Chandi Mahato persisted on the fact that the specific training is essential for Chhau practitioners and that consequences such as injuries of the performer or misinterpretation of the character could follow after a bad training. Drama is incorporated in the Chhau by the acting of a story without the use of any spoken language but instead body language. Mahato says that he uses a lot of typical exaggerated actions, movements, and gaits accompanied by music and rhythms which are easily recognised by the audience to carry the story forward. The Chhau master Mahato agrees on the fact that Chhau dance-drama as a folk art is very important to their community and cultural identity. Most of the people from those villages are farmers living in poor conditions. Therefore, they stick to this art form to bring joy and colors to their daily routines and they also use it as a way to express their emotions either the positive or the negative ones in a creative way. Chhau is also very important to their community because it is used to convey eternal moral messages. They use mytholo gical stories to convey these moral messages for goal to educate people from those villages. Mahato is therefore stating that Chhau as a folk art is important to the Indian culture and is very significant as well. 7) Conclusion: After an in-depth study of the elements and origins of the Chhau dance-drama, it is therefore evident that this folk art is based on traditional and cultural elements. Chhau is an integral part of the culture heritage of India and its an indigenous dance form created with a typical Indian psyche which is deeply rooted in the scriptures that are followed by all major Indian dance and dramatic forms. The Chhau is an art that is not only used for festive purposes but also as a way of communication with the community to convey certain messages using mythological stories. The Chhau is mostly performed for an audience that is typically Indian including sons and daughters of Indian soil, brought up with typical Indian values. As explained in the film by Vikrant Kishore Dancing for themselves, the states where the Chhau originated from are states in where poverty is a big problem and that is one of the reasons the residents of those states are very attached to the Chhau and work hard on pres erving it. Lalit Mahato who is the son of the Chhau master Chandi Mahato features in the film Dancing for themselves and explains through the movie how important Chhau is for him and his culture. Lalit Mahato said Whatever it takes Ill teach my son Chhau Dance, no matter if Ive to just eat boiled rice; this quote shows the importance of Chhau as a cultural aspect for the lives of those villagers. The Chhau dancers do not practise this art only to entertain an audience but they also use it as a creative way to express their feelings and emotions. It is incredible how the different states of India Including the ones practising the Chhau dance-drama preserved their cultures intact. What we also have to take into consideration is the fact that those areas have not yet been touched by the fast movement of modernization. What would happen once modernization touch those areas? Will it affects their culture? Will they still perform the Chhau dance-drama as it is performed today and would it still be as significant for their culture? Those are questions that one should have in mind. I personally hope that those states dont lose their culture because I think that the Chhau dance-drama is a unique and fantastic form of folk art that should be preserved the way it is. 8) Bibliography: Interview: Mahato, Chandi Chhau dance-drama. Telephone interview translated by Tamojit Ray. 24 Feb. 2010. Published work: Devi., Ragini. Dance dialects of India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1990. Print. Gajrani, S. History, Religion and Culture of India. Vol. 4. Dehli: Isha, 2004. Print. Schechner, Richard. Between Theater and Anthropology. New York: University of Pennsylvania, 1985. Print. Video: Chhau Dance Performances : The Ramayana:Love and Valour in Indias Great Epic. Google Video. Web. 09 Dec 2009. Chhau dance promo. Youtube. Web. 05 Dec. 2009. . DANCING FOR THEMSELVES A film by Vikrant Kishore. Dir. Vikrant Kishore. Youtube. 16 May 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Web Sources: Chhau dance. Orissa Government Portal. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Chhau , Indian Folk Dance. Indianetzone. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Chhau. India.gov. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. Courtney, David. FOLK DANCES. Chandrakantha. Web. 09 Dec. 2009. . Courtney, David. Natya Shastra. Chandrakantha. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Folk Dances of India. Iloveindia. Web. 09 Dec. 2009. . Folk Dances of India. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Kamat, K.L. The Chhau dance. Kamat. 08 Sept. 2001. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Masks in Serikella Chhau Dance. Acharyaseraikellachhau. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Origin of Indian Folk Dances. Indianetzone. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Seraikella Chhau: An Introduction. Acharyaseraikellachhau. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Ponmelil, V.A. India Introduction to folk dances. Web. 09 Dec.2009. . West Bengal Chhau. Indialine. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. .

Physical Security Principles Essay

Safety in numbers has always been a deterrent method when leaving or traveling through places that are not safe. But without proper physical security measures set in place when leaving any facility or building the need for a crowd will be of no use. Proper physical security requires accessing the risk that may cause threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks when certain principles are not implemented. Physical security also refers to tangible impediments to attack or unauthorized entry. Safety involves having the building, grounds, access to and from the parking area, and other hidden locations secure by lighting, monitoring, and physical patrol. Physical security should include the inside of the building as well as the outside and adjoining perimeter. Building Security There can never be too much security for a business, corporation, school, or home owner. The threat of an individual causing bodily harm or taking personal belongings without permission are very high if proper equipment and safety precautions are not taken. Proper lighting and cameras should accommodate buildings for the safety and protection of employees, staff, and students. Securing the facility and the type of risk that is ssociated with each building will need analyzing and assessed for protection. Each facility is different when providing security for their site. Federal buildings will not require the same type of protection as a bakery. Security for Building Occupants and Assets (2009) states â€Å" that it may require addressing certain situations such as unauthorized entry/trespass (forced and covert), insider threats, explosive threats, stationary and moving vehicle-delivered, mail bombs, package bombs ballistic threats, small arms, high-powered rifles, drive-by shootings, etc. weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, and radiological) disruptive threats (hoaxes, false reports, malicious attempts to disrupt operations) cyber and information security threats† (WBDG, 09). Each business building structure will determine the basic requirements for securing the safety and well being of staff and personnel. One size do not fit all but according to Katz and Capsi, 2003, states â€Å" Prior to running out and ordering millions of dollars of protective equipment, professionals should evaluate the overall security of your facility and a detailed report of the results should be prepared†. Ground Security Another key issue that complements the safety of any building is the lighting of that building. Lighting inside and outside of a building can help deter physical mishaps and attacks The lighting should be situated at every entry and exit and also throughout the building and also positioned correctly for better angles and views of open areas and spaces. Perimeter security lighting should also be available for long corridors and parking garages. Correct lighting in these places can give patrons a better visual of their surroundings and also allow them to see what may be obstructing their path. Having proper lighting and cameras may not be enough to keep out unwanted activity. Employing trained security professionals to patrol the facilities can add to deterring criminals. Hired security guards by a reputable company can add to the buildings safety and that of the patrons coming and going. How likely a crime target any specific building is, depends on the perceived gain to the perpetrator, balanced against his perceived risk of apprehension or defeat (Witherspoon, 2002). The presence of a trained guard can limit the amount of loitering or negative behavior outside and offer a feeling of safety to staff and employees who are ntering or leaving the building. Technology Advancement Physical security for any facility is a major factor for keeping safe and having modern technology on site is a greater addition. Protecting the facilities assets requires the company to stay ahead with modern day upgrades and devices for ensuring that whatever or whomever is gaining access to the property is suppose to be there. Monitoring the individuals who enter through facility access control and perimeter fences or installing video and closed circuit television surveillance can eliminate trespassers and those with no prior business on the property. Personal identification systems can also be established that use fingerprints and biometrics to gain access into any facility for staff and personnel. The amount of technology to use for physical security is unlimited depending on the facility and what needs protecting. Conclusion Physical security involves many components such as location, configuration, size, shape, and many other vital attributes that comes with a standing structure. Keeping people safe on the inside as well as those on the outside requires security principles that go beyond what just the normal eye can see. Applying the correct physical equipment to lower the risk of unwanted behaviors and attacks depends on how well the perimeter is guarded. Advanced technology including cameras and monitoring systems add to the insurance of physical security and if used properly can lower the possibility of threats. There is never an answer for what system works best but using a variety of methods is sure to make leaving work a little safer.

Political Philosophy Essay

Barber (1999) refers to strong democracy as one of the democratic responses to contemporary political condition. The author clearly distinguishes the strong democratic type from unitary democracy, pluralist democracy, authoritative, and juridical democracy. All these types of democracy are idealistic, and are never applied to real political conditions in their pure forms, but they represent the five different visions of the democratic order which deserve attention and should be objectively reviewed. Barber (1999) defines authoritative democracy in centralized executive terms. Authoritative democracy exercises the principles of differential citizenry; although authoritative democracy is fully accountable to the democratic community which elects it, this type of democratic order relies on the excellence of elites (Barber, 1999). The two major deficiencies are characteristic of authoritative democracy: first, it tends towards hegemony; second, it tends to camouflage its political representation under the cover of political wisdom. As a result, individuals risk confusing the political virtue with the political excellence (Barber, 1999). Juridical democracy is based on the principles of protecting human rights. Arbitration and adjudication are the necessary preconditions of juridical democracy (Barber, 1999). In juridical democracy, the principle of differential citizenry is expressed through excessive reliance on courts, which resolve and mediate political issues and substantially limit the power of the democratic government. Barber (1999) writes that â€Å"juridical democracy is deficient because it subverts the legislative process†. The author is confident that juridical democracy initially distorts the notions of the natural right and the higher law, using them as the disguise for political reintroduction and representation (Barber, 1999). Pluralist democracy is the most ideal democratic form of all Barber describes in his work. Pluralist democracy is based on the principle of the social contract which free political markets use in the process of political exchange (Barber, 1999). In distinction from the two previous forms of democracy, the pluralist form relies on active (not differential) citizenry. All conflicts and issues are arbitrated with the help of bargaining in which free equal individuals are involved. The pluralist democracy is deficient because the power of the social contract and bargaining is very weak. In Barber’s (1999) view, pluralist democracy is too innocent, and cannot lead to formation of any public thinking. Unitary democracy could initially become the political representation of certain norm as the central element of democratic order. Although unitary democracy promotes the unanimous character of political decisions, it tends to undermine the principles of individual autonomy. The role of citizenry in unitary democracy is vague (Barber, 1999). The problem is in that the unity of political deliberation requires that individuals merge with the rest of the political community. As a result, they risk losing their political individuality, and promote collective political thinking. Unitary democracy cannot foster self-realization; in massive forms, unitary democracy borders on coercion and malevolence (Barber, 1999). In many aspects, unitary democracy is synonymous to â€Å"conformist† type of political order, which mixes tyranny with terror and views community consensus through the prism of collectivity and collective political interests. Barber (1999) is confident that strong democracy is the political order of the future. The author views this type of democratic order as a community which will never be collectivistic, and which is the most compatible with the contemporary society. The core of strong democracy is the self-government, in which citizens govern themselves (Barber, 1999). The conflict resolution is based on self-legislation, and the creation of the political community. The mentioned political community is the key element of strong democracy, and it is the necessary condition for transforming the political conflicts into the useful epistemological tools of public thinking (Barber, 1999). Simultaneously, Barber fails to define the criteria for the creation and existence of the already mentioned political community. If strong democratic community exists to transform political conflicts or implement political decisions (Barber, 1999), it is unclear whether this community will keep its previous form as soon as it achieves its political goals. One can’t but agree with Barber (1999) in that in strong democracy community is invariably linked to the notion of citizenship, but there are striking disparities between the notions of community and participation. Although strong democracy claims striking the misbalance between participation and community, it does not offer any reliable criteria for achieving the democratic world of the common ends, in which conflict serves the dialectical means of turning the masses into the democratic citizenship. Conclusion Strong democracy is viewed by Barber (1999) as the best and the most realistic type of democratic order. Barber (1999) emphasizes the deficiencies which authoritative, juridical, unitary, and pluralist democracies display. Simultaneously, Barber (1999) fails to provide the criteria for creating and supporting the strong democratic community and participation. The relation between community and participation remains misbalanced, and strong democracy will hardly strike it.